Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Pattern in a Mission Hospital in Nigeria: A Facility-Based One Year Retrospective Study
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Date
2021
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Nursing Department, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi;
Abstract
Neonatal period is sensitive due to the physiological adaptations newborns
make to adapt to extra uterine environment. High percentage of mortality
during infancy occur during this period especially in developing countries.
Nigeria neonatal mortality record is among the worst in the world.
This study examined morbidity and mortality pattern of neonates
admitted to Our Lady of Apostles (OLA) Catholic hospital, Okeofa Ibadan.
This hospital-based retrospective study was carried out among admitted
neonates at OLA Catholic hospital Oluyoro Ibadan, for a period of 1
year from May, 2017 to June 2018. Overall, 360 complete case notes
were reviewed.
A 5-sectioned structured checklist containing 39 items designed by
the researchers was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using
descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Among 360 neonatal case notes that were studied, 310 (86.1%) were
admitted within the first and 7thday of life with the mean day of admission
being 4 ± 5.5 days. 248 (68.9%) of the neonates had normal birth weight,
59 (16.4%) had low birth weight and 53 (14.7%) were macrosomic babies
with the mean weight being 3 ± 0.6 kg. The two main causes of admission
were neonatal sepsis 113 (31.4%) and birth asphyxia 94 (26.1%).
A total of 248 (68.9%) neonates survived and were discharged home,
79 (21.9%) were discharged against medical advice, 25 (6.9%) were
referred to a higher centre and 8 (2.2%) died. There is a significant
association between neonates’ gender (P0.025), birth weight (P0.013)
and neonatal outcome.
Sepsis and birth asphyxia were the leading causes of neonatal morbidity
and mortality. Efforts should be intensified to improve the care provided
to women and their newborns during labor and immediate postpartum
period respectively.
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Keywords
Neonatal, Morbidity, Mortality Pattern, Neonatal Care