Hydrogeochemical profiling and suitability evaluation of groundwater for industrial and municipal applications in the Southern Anambra Basin, Nigeria

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dc.contributor.authorIheme, K.O.,
dc.contributor.authorAkakuru, O.C.,
dc.contributor.authorAbubakar, H.O.,
dc.contributor.authorUsman, A.O.,
dc.contributor.authorAlebiosu, M.T.,
dc.contributor.authorObaro, R.I.,
dc.contributor.authorOlelewe, M.C.,
dc.contributor.authorOmorinoye, O.A.
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-18T13:01:54Z
dc.date.available2026-02-18T13:01:54Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractGroundwater’s hydrogeochemical properties play a crucial role in determining its suitability for industrial and municipal applications. This study assessed groundwater in the Southern Anambra Basin, Nigeria, by analyzing its physicochemical characteristics and applying hydrogeochemical and industrial water quality indices. A total of fifty-five (55) groundwater samples were systematically collected from boreholes across the study area. Samples were analyzed for key physicochemical parameters, including pH, EC, TDS, major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻). Data were interpreted using Piper, Gibbs, and Gaillardet diagrams, along with saturation indices and chloro-alkaline indices, to identify hydrogeochemical facies and dominant processes. Industrial suitability was evaluated using the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Aggressive Index (AI), and Puckorius Index (PI). The study aimed to (1) characterize the hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater in the Southern Anambra Basin; (2) determine the dominant geochemical processes influencing groundwater chemistry; and (3) assess the suitability of groundwater for industrial and municipal systems based on its scaling and corrosive tendencies. The results reveal that groundwater is mainly of the Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺–HCO₃⁻ and Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺–SO₄²⁻–Cl⁻ facies, dominated by rock–water interactions. Saturation index values for minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and gypsum were <0, indicating undersaturation and a tendency toward dissolution. LSI, AI, and PI values ranged from −3.22 to −0.03, 8.61 to 11.89, and 3.84 to 8.31, respectively implying a high corrosivity and low scaling potential of groundwater within the study area. These findings suggest that the water poses a corrosion risk to metallic industrial and municipal infrastructure. Mitigation measures such as corrosion-resistant materials and pH adjustment are recommended to preserve system integrity.
dc.identifier.citation. Iheme, K.O., Akakuru, O. C., Abubakar, H.O., Usman, A.O., Alebiosu, M. T., Obaro, R.I., Olelewe, M. C., & Omorinoye, O. A.(2026): Hydrogeochemical profiling and suitability evaluation of groundwater for industrial and municipal applications in the Southern Anambra Basin, Nigeria. Borneo Journal of Sciences and Technology. 8(1); 122-144,
dc.identifier.urihttps://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/123456789/17010
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherUniversity of Technology Sarawak, Malaysia.
dc.relation.ispartofseries8; 1
dc.subjectHydrogeochemistry
dc.subjectWater quality assessment
dc.subjectgroundwater
dc.subjectSaturation Indices
dc.subjectLangelier Saturation Index. INTRODUCTION
dc.titleHydrogeochemical profiling and suitability evaluation of groundwater for industrial and municipal applications in the Southern Anambra Basin, Nigeria
dc.typeArticle
dc.typeArticle

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