Correlation between glycaemic control and lipid profile in Nigerian Type II diabetic patients
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Date
2015-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Annals of Tropical Pathology
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Hypercholesterolaemia is known to be frequently associated with
diabetes mellitus. Lipid abnormalities in patients with diabetes are likely to play
important role in the development of atherogenesis and so are called atherogenic
dyslipidaemia. Improved glycaemic control may prevent the appearance and
enhance the regression of macrovascular and microvascular complication. It has
been noted that improved glycaemic control can alter the serum lipid level. This
study demonstrates the effect of glycaemic control in Nigerians with type II diabetes
on serum levels of lipid.
Methodology: A total of 160 consenting type II diabetic patients were recruited
for the study consisting of 49(30.6%) male and 111(69.4%) female, while 70
non-diabetics subjects matched for age and sex with the patients were recruited
as control consisting of 25 (35.7%) males and 45 (64.3%) females.
A total of 5mls of blood sample was collected from each patient in sitting position
after an overnight fast from the antecubital vein at the dorsum of the hand.
Glucose, Total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were estimated. The absorbance
of samples and standards were measured against reagent blank. Statistical
analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version
15.0) results were expressed as means±SD. Paired sample t-test was used to
compare means of results where appropriate, Pearson‘s correlation analysis was
used to examine the relationships between the variables. A p-value less than 0.05
were considered statistically significant.
Results: There were statistically significant difference when the mean lipid
profiles of diabetic subjects were compared with that of controls (p <0.05).
Significant elevations were observed in the values of total cholesterol, triglycerides,
and LDL-C, in diabetic subjects when compared with that of controls.
Coronary heart disease risk ratio was statistically significantly different when
mean value of subjects is compared with that of controls. Significant positive
correlation was observed when total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-c were
compared with glycaemic control with r values of 0.613, 0.631 and 0.607
respectively with p-value <0.05 in all. There was also significant negative
correlation when coronary heart disease risk ratio was compared with
glycaemic control. (r = -0.595 and p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: This study has highlighted the fact that type II diabetic patients
have a high frequency of atherogenic dyslipidaemia especially for TC, Tg
and LDL-C. The study also shows that the poorer the glycaemic control the
higher the incidence of dyslipidaemia. It is therefore suggested that along
with glycaemic control, physicians should also focus on lipid profiles.
Keywords: Correlation, Glycaemic control, Lipid profile and Type II diabetic patients