Methanolysis of CaO based catalyst derived from egg shell-snail shell-wood ash mixed for fatty acid methylester (FAME) synthesis from a ternary mixture of Irvingia gabonensis -Pentaclethra macrophylla - Elais guineensis oil blend: An application of simplex lattice and central composite design optimization
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Date
2020-09-01
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Abstract
Considering the large number of wastes produced as wood ash, snail and eggshells around the globe, CaO based
catalyst was derived from the thermal treatment of carbon carbonate obtained from the mixture of these wastes
for methanolysis synthesis of FAME from the ternary mixture (33:33:34) of Irvingia gabonensis, Pentaclethra
macrophylla, and Elais guineensis oil was carried out in this study. Calcined blend catalyst (CBC) was well
characterized by SEM, EDX-ray, FTIR and BET analysis. The strength of the basicity of the catalyst was tested by
catalyst recyclability via methanolysis of CaO transesterification of ternary blend oil to FAME. Results showed a
maximum FAME yield of 98.00 (wt%) with the statistical optimization prediction of 97.33 (wt%) at a reaction
time of 64.71 min, catalyst amount of 4.5 wt%, reaction temperature of 61.61 °C, and methanol/oil molar ratio
of 8:1 (ml/ml), the predicted value was validated in triplicate to obtain an average FAME of 97.22 (wt%).
Catalyst reusability was stopped at the 3rd cycle due to decrease in it activity. Statistical optimization through
analysis of variance further confirmed the remarkable significant effects of the independent variables with pvalue
< 0.0001. Physicochemical properties of the FAME conformed with biodiesel recommended standard.
Results also show that the CaCO3 contained in the mixture of wood ash, snail and eggshells is a promising source
for CaO catalyst production for industrial application.
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Keywords
FAME, Ternary mixture, Irvingia gabonensis, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Elais guineensis, Catalyst reusability
Citation
13