Plasmodium falciparum Resistance in Selected Areas of Niger State, Nigeria: Chloroquine and Sulphadoxine/Pyrimethamine Treatment Outcome and Predictive Value of Molecular Markers
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Date
2019
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Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition)
Abstract
Malaria is a public health problem affecting two third of the world population with
high mortality among children and pregnant women. A study of the determination of
drug-resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum infection was carried
out in three malaria endemic local government areas of Niger State, Nigeria between
October 2018 and September 2019. The objective of the study was to determine the
prevalence of molecular markers of resistance to chloroquine and
sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine. P. falciparum infected red blood cells (RBC) were
confirmed using microscopy, and deoxyribonucleic acid extraction from P.
falciparum positive RBC specimen was done using chelex extraction method.
Nested polymerase chain reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphisms (PCR/RFLP) were used for the detection of Plasmosdium
falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt), P. falciparum multidrug
resistance 1 (pfmdr 1), P. falciparum dihydrofolatereductase (pfdhfr) and
P.falciparum dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps). The results revealed well
characterized molecular markers of P. falciparum resistance to the 4-
aminoquinolines (p<0.05) while the antifolate drugs revealed high
prevalence(p<0.05) of resistance: 41%, 60%, 51% and 47% of P. falciparum isolates
at codons N86Y, K76T, S108N, N51I and A437G respectively. The prevalence of
resistance of isolates to these antimalarial drugs were comparatively high. Therefore,
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Citation
Molecular Markers, Plasmodium falciparum, Chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance, Nigeria