Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected Pathogenic Microorganisms
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Date
2022
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The Pharmaceutical Journal of Kenya
Abstract
Drugs derived from natural sources present a significant
alternative therapy in the management of infectious
diseases. The increasing resistance of pathogenic
microorganisms to orthodox medicine has necessitated the
search for alternative means of treatment. This study aimed
at evaluating the phytochemicals, antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of the
roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected
pathogenic microorganisms. Evaluation of phytochemical
constituents was done using standard procedures and the
antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-pic
ryl-hydrazyl. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using
f
ifteen pathogenic organisms, which included five
gram-positive and seven gram-negative bacterial strains
and three fungal strains using Agar diffusion method. The
zones of inhibition of the extract against the test organisms,
their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the
minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/
MFC) were determined. The extract was found to contain
steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The total
phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were found to
be 1.427±0.02 mg/g gallic acid, 0.4239±0.19 mg/g quercetin,
5% and 75.23% respectively. The antioxidant activity at
concentrations of 7.53 and 15.51 µg/mL were not statistically
different from that of vitamin C (P<0.05) and the IC50
(Half-maximal inhibitory concentration) found to be 4.906
µg/mL. The zones of inhibition ranged from 22 – 47 mm
while the MIC and MBC/MFC was observed to be 5 to 10 mg/
mL, and 10 to 40 mg/mL respectively. The availability of
phytochemicals with remarkable antioxidant activities and
the demonstration of antimicrobial activity against
gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi strains
show that A. paniculata root is a potential source for the
production of antioxidants as well as antimicrobial drugs.
Key Words: Adenodolichos paniculatus, antimicrobial activity,
antioxidant activity, Phytochemical, zone of inhibition,
hydroalcoholic extract.
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Citation
Njinga S.N., Lawal B.A., David S.M., Eniayewu I.O., Bellol N., Abiodun O. S., Kolawole A.J., Ene O.C., Bamidele O.D., Saka K.L., Kayode M. S., Rahimat O. O.