Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella and Shigella in Diarrheal cases Resulting from a Common Source Consumption of Contaminated Water
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Date
2025-06-09
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Department of Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Shigella remains a significant public health
concern globally, particularly in developing nations like Nigeria. This study aimed to assess
the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella and Shigella strains in diarrheal
cases linked to the consumption of contaminated water from a shared source in Jimeta-Yola
metropolis, Adamawa State. A total of 78 stool samples were obtained for culture using
standard methods, with 37 (47.4%) displaying growth of Salmonella and Shigella strains.
Through appropriate biochemical tests, the isolates were identified as Salmonella Typhi
(35.1%), Salmonella Typhimurium (8.1%), and Shigella species (56.8%), with Shigella
exhibiting the highest occurrence. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using ten
selected antibiotics: Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Cephalexin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin,
Co-trimoxazole, Gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin, and Tetracycline. Salmonella Typhi
isolates showed 76.9% susceptibility to Gentamicin and Ceftriaxone, 61.5% susceptibility to
Ofloxacin, 53.8% susceptibility to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, 38.5%
susceptibility to Tetracycline, 30.8% susceptibility to Co-trimoxazole, and 23.1%
susceptibility to Cephalexin. Shigella species exhibited 95.2% susceptibility to Ofloxacin,
90.5% susceptibility to Gentamicin, 85.7% susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, 66.7%
susceptibility to Ceftriaxone, 57.1% susceptibility to Chloramphenicol, 52.4% susceptibility
to Nitrofurantoin, 33.3% susceptibility to Tetracycline, 28.6% susceptibility to Co trimoxazole, 19% susceptibility to Cephalexin, and 4.8% susceptibility to Ampicillin.
Meanwhile, Salmonella Typhimurium displayed 66.7% susceptibility to Ofloxacin, 100%
susceptibility to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, and 33.3%
susceptibility to Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Tetracycline, Co-trimoxazole, and Ceftriaxone. The
study highlights the persistent high prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella infections and the
emergence of complete resistance to Ampicillin, Cephalexin, and Co-trimoxazole. However,
Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin are identified as effective treatment options for infections
caused by these pathogens. Therefore, ensuring the availability of safe water sources,
promoting hygienic practices, treating drinking water at the point of use (POU) such as
boiling, and continuous monitoring are crucial in controlling the dissemination of these
organisms.
Description
Keywords
Antibiotic resistance, Occurrence, Diarrhea, Pathogens, Contaminated water
Citation
Shitu, T. (2024). Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella and Shigella in Diarrheal cases Resulting from a Common Source Consumption of Contaminated Water. UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR), 9(3), 40–47.