Potential Antibacterial Activity of the extracts ofLocal Chewing Sticks “Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus” against Gastrointestinal, Respiratory and Urinary Pathogens
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Date
2019-06
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Publisher
West African Journal of Pharmacy
Abstract
Background: The development of new antibacterial that offer significant activities over existing drugs is serious
challenge to the health managers.
Objective: This study aims at investigating the possible activity of Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus
benthamianus roots extract against selected microorganism.
Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. In-vitro antibacterial
activity of the methanol extracts of both plants was also carried out using the agar well diffusion method against
standard strains of Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853, Escherichia coli
ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhiiATCC 14028, Citrobacter freundiiATCC 8090and also some clinical isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniaeand Proteus mirabilis
at different concentrations and ratios.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, saponin, tannins,
steroids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phenol. All the test microorganisms were
susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the extracts at concentrations of 200 mg/mL and 500 mg/mL.Fagara
zanthoxyloides had better antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 21.0 to 26.0 mm at 200
mg/mL and 24.3 to 29.3 mm at 500 mg/mL while Distemonanthus benthamianus had zones of inhibition ranging
from 17.7 to 26.7 mm at 200 mg/mL and 19.0 to 26.7 mm at 500 mg/mL. Some of the test microorganisms were
resistant to the standard antibiotics (cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin) which were tested
against. Combinations of the extracts in ratios 50:50 and 75:25 yielded no increase in activity. The MIC and
MBCfor Distemonanthus benthamianus ranged from 6.25 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL and 25 to 200 mg/mL
respectively while that of Fagara zanthoxyloidesranged from 1.56 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL and 50 to 200 mg/mL
respectively.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity demonstrated by Fagarazanthoxyloides and Distemonant
husbenthamianus indicates that they would be valuable in the management of urinary, respiratory and
gastrointestinal tracts infections while at the same time helping to mitigate the problem of antimicrobial
resistance.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Chewing sticks, Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, Urinary Pathoges
Phenolic compounds of plants; chief among them are the flavonoids which have potent antioxidant
activities were found in these plant materials.
Description
Keywords
Antimicrobial, Chewing sticks, Gastrointestinal, urinary pathogens, Respiratory
Citation
http://www.wapharm.org/wajp/home/index.php