Plant Parasitic Nematodes Management Through Natural Products: Current Progress and Challenges.
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Date
2020
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Springer Nature
Abstract
The devastating effect of huge crop losses to field and storage pest brings
about a downturn in the availability of food, thus subjecting the citizens to poverty
and hunger. The plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important agricultural pests,
which are hidden enemies of the farmers. Their existence in soil and the gravity of
the potential loss which accrues to them are not known to the lay farmers. Significant
quantitative and qualitative economic losses are attributed to their infestation worldwide on a yearly basis. The damage posed by plant-parasitic nematodes is steadily on
the increase and is at times not reported, but oftentimes associated with factors such
as nutrient deficiency and extreme weather conditions. Nematodes are a big challenge to food production in an overpopulated world. They are listed as an important
crop pest in the world, largely because of their wide geographical distribution and
their ability to parasitize virtually all crops. Export trade restrictions are often
imposed due to the presence of quarantine nematode pests. Different integrated
pest management (IPM) strategies have been employed in the control of plantparasitic nematodes with various degrees of success. The use of synthetic nematicides, though an established internationally recognized effective approach, is largely
negated by the toxicity and adverse effects on humans and the environment. Thus,
the need for concerted worldwide intensive research for safer alternatives has
become imperative. However, there are several challenges in the control of plantparasitic nematodes, majorly the adoption of new approach to control by the farmers,
large-scale production hiccups, government policies, and potential toxicity of the
new approach. This work reviews the various strategies used in combating plantparasitic nematodes. Based on the resultant toxicities reported for chemical control
and the effectiveness of biological control (bio-control) which is considered safer,
more discussions were made on bio-control. Biological control, application of
botanicals, and soil amendment methods rank high among others owing to their environmental safety. Over 2400 plant species worldwide are known to be pesticidal. Some tested plants and phytochemical isolates with reported in vitro or in vivo
nematicidal properties were listed. The merits and demerits of the bio-control
method were also discussed. It was suggested that although the bio-control method
is affordable and effective, it should be performed with caution as many emerging
reports indicated that many plant materials contain phytochemicals that could induce
carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, and various degrees of toxicities with endpoints such as hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and immunotoxicity which finally result into morbidity and mortality
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Keywords
Research Subject Categories::FORESTRY, AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES and LANDSCAPE PLANNING::Plant production::Plant and forest protection, Chemical control · Biological control · Losses · Yield · Phytonematodes
Citation
Atolani, O. and Fabiyi, O. A. (2020). Plant Parasitic Nematodes Management Through Natural Products: Current Progress and Challenges. In Management of Phytonematodes: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Ansari, R. A., Rizvi, R. and Mahmood, I. (Eds). 297-315.