GEOSTATISTICS AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ELEYELE LAKE, IBADAN, SOUTH WEST NIGERIA
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Date
2021
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Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Evaluation of Eleyele Lake and Wetland, Ibadan South Western Nigeria was carried out to acertain the contamination state of the water bodies. 29 water samples were collected from the lake and its effluents streams, and were geochemically analzyed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometery (ICP-MP) while the pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured insitu during the sampling operations. Values of pH, TDS, EC, and metals with significant concentrations in the samples were selected as variables used for geostatistical analysis, and multivariate analysis; principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Comparison of geostatistical analysis result with Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality, shows that EC, TDS, iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) concentration were above the recomended limits in many locations. PCA results show that the first 2 principal components accounts for 79.7% of the variability or information in the samples. PC scores clearly revealed two clusters which was indicative of where the water sample was collected; Lake or Tributary/effluent streams. Hierarchical clustering identified three clusters of samples but subsequent piper digram of the clusters revealed that clusters 2 and 3 were more alike and less contaminated by sodium (Na) compared to water samples in cluster 1.
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Keywords
Geostatistics, Principal component analysis (PCA), Hierarchichal cluster analysis (HCA)