Extraction, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Biochemical, Gc-Ms Constituents and Environmental effect of Petivera alliacea leaves
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin.
Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the phytochemical compositions, physicochemical parameters, biochemical and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy GC-MS analysis of Petiveria alliacea leave extracts collected at three different times of the day and the results compared. The extracts were prepared using successive extraction with both non-polar and polar solvents. The physicochemical analysis revealed no significant variation in the three samples. It showed that the extracts are green in colour and acidic with a total ash content of 18.95 %. The phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, glycosides, tannins were present in the plant leaves but the composition varies in relation to the time of collection of the samples. GC-MS analysis revealed major constituents such as; 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid; 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol; Squalene and n-Hexadecanoic acid in the n-Hexane extracts of the morning and afternoon samples and major constituents of Phytol, α-linolenic acid, Pinane, Palmitic acid and 5-nonadecen-1-ol in the evening sample. In the ethanol extract, n-Hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride were found in the morning sample; campesterol, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid and ethyl ester in the afternoon sample while Linolenic acid, Nonadecyl cyclohexane and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate in the evening samples. It is thus concluded that P.allliacea leaves contain many bioactive components and that collection times and the extraction medium have significant effects on the chemical compositions of the leaves. These compounds possess many biological properties; however, these results confirmed the influence of the time of collection of the leaves on the composition which affect the biological activity and pharmacological applications of the plant. The variation in the constituents in the samples could be attributed to sunlight effect, since all other conditions are the same. Also leaf extracts of P.alliacea collected at three different times of the day showed varying and different toxicological effects when administered to Wistar rats.
Description
It can be concluded that Petiveria alliacea leaves contain biologically active components that may be responsible for the folklore and scientifically documented medicinal effect of the plant and also that the time of collection of the leaves have significant effect on the chemical composition and hence the biological activity of the plant from the results generated in this research. Biochemical results obtained generally suggest that, the aqueous extracts of Petiveria alliacea leaves collected at three different times of the day showed alterations, both positive and negative, toxicological effects. Conclusively, it can be inferred that leaf extract of P. alliacea has the tendency to rupture the tissues‟ membrane in their hosts if taken in excess. Hence, care must be taken by the public from the excessive or erratic consumption of leaf extracts of P. alliacea for agricultural and medicinal purposes.
Keywords
Phytochemicals, Biochemical parameters, Petiveria alliacea, GC-MS, Physicochemical