PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR PATTERN AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING A TERTIARY HEALTH FACILITY IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
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Date
2015
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Publisher
Turkey Periodical of Gulhane Medical Faculty, Gulhane Medical Academy, 06019, Ankara
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer amongst Nigerian women has been on the increase in the past
decade, and is regarded as the second highest cause of cancer deaths among Nigerian women.
Objective: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, risk factors of HPV infection,
and Papanicolaou smear pattern amongst a cohort of women attending the Gynaecology clinic of
a tertiary health facility in Ido-Ekiti, South west Nigeria.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving the screening of women between the
ages of 15-64 years for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using Papanicolaou smear staining
technique and serological diagnosis using IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits.
Respondents were selected through convenience sampling of subjects, while intervieweradministered
questionnaire and clinical report form were also used to collect data, and data was
analyzed using SPSS version 17.
Result: Of the 200 blood samples examined for Human papillomavirus infection, 135 (67.5%)
were sero-positive while 65 (32.5%) were sero-negative. For cervical cytology using
Papanicolaou smear, 14 (7%) were positive (had presence of cervical abnormality) while 186
(93%) were negative (had no cervical abnormality). Result showed a direct relationship between
seropositivity, development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and Human papillomavirus
infection. The risk factors for the development of HPV infection included age, type of marriage,
parity, history of genital infection and tobacco usage. Non circumcision of male partner was also
found to be a risk factor.
Conclusion: The presence of abnormal cervical cytology and high level of serological positivity
clearly showed why there is need for a holistic approach to the screening, vaccination
methodologies and early detection of HPV infection in the country.
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Keywords
HPV infection, cervical cytology, women, Nigeria