Browsing by Author "Zakariya, M. E."

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    Assessment of the knowledge of contamination-causing microorganisms in food and food products in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Ilorin Journal of Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2023-03) Oludairo, O. O.; Zakariya, M. E.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Daodu, O. B.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Akpabio, U.
    The contamination of food and its products by microbial agents is a worldwide public-health concern. Many countries have documented significant increases in the incidence of diseases caused by microorganisms in food over the past few decades. This study focused on assessing the knowledge of the public on the microorganisms causing contamination in food and food products. Cross sectional study design was used in this study. The study population was members of the public in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. This was achieved by administering 223 structured questionnaire forms to willing members of the public in the Ilorin metropolis using stratified random sampling technique and undertaking desk reviews of responses. The result revealed that 67.7% of the respondents could not mention any food contaminants while 66.8% did not know anything about these contaminants while 95.5% only had superficial knowledge based on their response to questions about the subject matter. Male respondents and those above the age of 25 were adjudged to have more knowledge of microorganisms causing contamination in food while the knowledge of respondents with primary school certificate were lowest compared to those with other level of education. This strongly calls for an increase in public health education by all health professionals and the adoption of more innovative strategies for educating the public. There is a need for more advocacies and social mobilization by the government and non-governmental organizations with renewed vigour in the enforcement of public health regulations to safeguard members of society.
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    Prevalence of Salmonella Species in Locally Fermented Milk (Nono) in Gambari Market, Ilorin East Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria.
    (Zagazig Veterinary Journal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt., 2023) Oludairo, O. O.; Zakariya, M. E.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Daodu, O. B.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Akpabio, U.
    Although milk is highly nutritious, it is also an excellent substrate for microorganisms’ growth like Salmonella which is one of the most common causes of foodborne disease worldwide. This research aimed to isolate Salmonella spp. from nono sold in Gambari market, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, test the isolated Salmonella spp. to ten antimicrobial agents and evaluate the risk factors associated with the production and retailing processes of nono in the study area. These were achieved by collecting 113 nono samples and analysing them using conventional isolation methods, confirming the suspected isolates using Microbact GNB 24E. Disc diffusion method for antimicrobial sensitivity test and structured questionnaires were also used. Six (5.3%) Salmonella spp. were isolated. All (100%) the Salmonella isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin and penicillin. Three (50%) of the isolates had resistance breakpoints of 14mm or less to colistin. Five resistance patterns were recorded among the isolates. Eighty percent of the respondents did not wash their hands before milking, while 70% didn't clean the udder before milking. Self-administration of antibiotics to milking cows by 85% of respondents was also recorded. The isolation of Salmonella, including multiple-antimicrobial-resistant species, in nono in the study area could be an indication of contamination.
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    Risk Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Locally Fermented Cattle Milk (Nono) in Gambari Market, Ilorin, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt, 2026-04-30) Oludairo, O. O.; Zakariya, M. E.; Fasasi, A. G.; Ishola, T. O.; Fabiyi, F. E.; Richards, B. A.; Daodu, O. B.,; Ola-Fadunsin, S. D.
    Several factors contribute to the occurrence of Salmonella in locally fermented milk (nono) from cattle in many parts of Africa. This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the organism in nono from Gambari Market, Ilorin, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study with a systematic random sampling method was used to administer a questionnaire to 35% of the 113 nono sellers from which samples were collected to isolate Salmonella. Out of the respondents who were all females (100%), 80% did not wash their hands before milking their cattle, the same percentage did not have a formal education (P<0.05), while more (15%) younger respondents (≤25 years) engaged in hand washing compared to older (>25 years) ones, 5%. Although 80% of the respondents reported they wash their milking equipment before and after use, 70%, 100%, 45% and 100% did not observe other hygiene practices like cleaning milked cow udder before milking, boiling of milking during product processing, cleaning of the milking cattle holding areas, daily and using disinfectants in the milking areas (P<0.05) respectively. Ninety-five per cent of the respondents reported keeping the dairy cattle in well-ventilated areas, while 85% and 95% self-administered antibiotics to their cattle (P<0.05) and had their cattle mingle with other cattle, respectively. The general hygienic practices (GHP) and environmental hygiene (GEH) levels of the respondents in the study area were poor. The government and all stakeholders should conduct extensive health education for nono sellers to achieve improved public health