Browsing by Author "Vikas Kumar"

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    Dietary lysine requirement of greater amberjack juvenile ( Seriola dumerili , Risso, 1810)
    (Hindawi Limited, 2021-09-08) Yannis Kotzamanis; Femi J. Fawole; Andreas Brezas; Vikas Kumar; Ramon Fontanillas; Efthimia Antonopoulou; Emmanouil Kouroupakis; Vassiliki Ilia
    An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary lysine requirement of greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili. Six experimental diets resulting from a practical basal formulation were produced to containing mainly plant ingredients (25% fish meal) were supplied with graded levels of crystalline L-lysine-HCl and the analysed lysine concentration in each diet was found to be 1.93 (basal diet; CL1.93), 2.01 (CL2.01), 2.11 (CL2.11), 2.15 (CL2.15), 2.20 (CL2.20) and 2.29 (CL2.29) g/100 g diet respectively. Seriola dumerili of 32.8 g ± 3.0 (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to 18 experimental small cages, and each was stocked with 25 fish per cage in triplicates. The fish were hand-fed with the experimental diets twice daily (09:00 h and 15:00 h) to apparent satiation, 6 days a week for 56 days. No significant differences were observed in weight gain (WG), daily growth index (DGI), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) among the dietary groups. However, the pairwise linear regression of WG showed that the dietary lysine requirement of greater amberjack juvenile is 2.11% of the diet. The activity of catalase enzyme among the dietary treatments differed significantly (p < .05) in both the liver and intestine. Similar results were found for the heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) with a tissue-specific response. Based on the results obtained, the dietary lysine requirements that can support maximum WG and PER of greater amberjack juvenile were found to be between 2.03% and 2.11% of the diet (4.55%–4.73% of dietary protein).
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    Identification of best detoxification strategies for sustainable valorization of waste from Jatropha-based biodiesel industry: Compounding the benefits of plant-based vehicular fuel
    (Elsevier BV, 2021-11) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Ankur Jamwal; Vikas Kumar; Shamna N.; Femi J. Fawole; Bhushan N. Sanap; N.P. Sahu; Subodh Gupta
    Bioenergy generated from plants is one of the best potential energy supplies. Recently, the non-edible Jatropha curcas has been considered one of the world’s most sustainable biofuel crops. Protein rich defatted Jatropha curcas kernel meal (DJKM) is toxic which contains phorbol esters (PEs, 1307 µg g−1) as a major toxic component, therefore it was detoxified through physical, chemical and solid-state fermentation treatments. Water soaking and moist heat treatment (autoclaving) had no significant effect on the PEs removal compared to control. Exposure of DJKM to electron beam radiation (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy) had a significant effect on PEs degradation and most efficient was at 25 kGy dose. Solvent extraction with either 90% methanol or 80% ethanol in combination with moist heat treatment was the most efficient method compared to other concentrations of methanol or ethanol. Solvent extraction of kernel meal through 0.2 or 0.3 M NaOH in 90% methanol and 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 M NaOH in 80% ethanol, followed by moist heat treatment led to the removal of PEs completely. The PEs content in DJKM through highly alkaline methanol plus moist heat treatment (AM3.0) and ferric chloride & hydrogen peroxide plus moist heat treatments significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to 13.0 and 53.6 µg g−1, respectively. Non-alkaline solvent extraction of DJKM using either 90% methanol (M90H) or 80% ethanol (E80H) in addition to heating while magnetic stirring reduced PEs content significantly (p < 0.05) compared to control exhibiting 99.77 and 99.32% removal, respectively. The DJKM was free of PEs when it was treated via solid-state fermentation through Aspergillus niger fungus. Conclusively, chemical detoxification treatments are cumbersome, un-economical, and their incorporation in the diet may affect animal performance, whereas, the fermentation approach is cost economical, environmentally sustainable and offers greater efficiency.
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    Insect meal inclusion as a novel feed ingredient in soy-based diets improves performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Elsevier BV, 2021-11) Md. Sakhawat Hossain; Femi J. Fawole; Shyam Narayan Labh; Brian C. Small; Ken Overturf; Vikas Kumar
    The additive effects of insect meal supplementation to diets containing a high soy protein inclusion were evaluated for growth performance, antioxidant potential and fillet nutritional quality of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A basal diet (Soy) with a high-level soy protein (21% soybean meal, SBM plus 4–5.5% soy protein concentrate, SPC) was compared to similarly formulated soy-based diets supplemented with low (8%) and high levels (16%) of insect meal for diet groups Soy + IM Low and Soy + IM High, respectively. A high-level fishmeal (24%) based positive control diet (Fish meal) was also produced. All diets were iso‑nitrogenous (44%) and isolipidic (20%) and were fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout juveniles (initial weight 32 ± 0.0 g) over the course of a 10-week trial. Fish fed the positive control diet showed significantly higher final weight, % weight gain (%WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the Soy + IM High and Soy diet groups, but these parameters were not significantly different from the Soy + IM Low diet group. The Soy and Soy + IM High diet groups showed significantly lower final weight, % WG and SGR. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio was numerically higher in fish fed the Fish meal positive control diet followed by the Soy + IM Low and Soy and Soy + IM High diet groups, respectively. Among somatic indices, condition factor (CF) was significantly influenced by IM supplementation and the Soy + IM High diet group showed significantly lower CF compared to other dietary groups. Addition of insect meal significantly increased whole body amino acids viz., arginine, histidine, valine and threonine content. Insect meal supplementation significantly increased muscle α-linolenic acid content. However, α-linolenic acid content in fish fed the Soy + IM High diet was not significantly different from fish fed the Fishmeal positive control diet. Insect meal supplementation did not significantly influence EPA + DHA, total n-3 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acid content in the muscle, whereas the significantly highest EPA/DHA and total monounsaturated fatty acids were detected in the fishmeal based positive control diet compared to other dietary treatment. The liver gene expression pattern for Δ5 desaturase was significantly higher in the Soy + IM Low diet fish, while Δ6 desaturase and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were significantly higher in Soy (basal) and Soy + IM Low diet fed fish. Elongase and fatty acid binding protein (FABP) were not significantly influenced by insect meal supplementation. Regarding the antioxidant potential, Soy diet group showed significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to insect meal included groups and positive control diet group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly reduced in Soy + IM High diet compared to other dietary groups. Finally, we conclude that insect meal inclusion at a low level (8%) is beneficial for increased growth and select fatty acid restoration for rainbow trout fed soy-based feeds.