Browsing by Author "Usman, S.O."

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    CHARACTERIZATION, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF A HERBAL PREPARATION
    (Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019-03) Njinga, Stanislus Ngaitad; Bakare-Odunola, M.T; Mustapha, K.B; Yahaya, T; Shittu, Abiodun; Bello, Ronke Hadiyyah; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat
    Herbal product (HP) (from Ricinus communis and honey) is used locally for the management of inflammatory and inflammation related disorders including asthma. The current study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chemical profile, elemental components, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the HP used for treatment of asthma. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteus reagent and AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The chemo-profiling was done using TLC. Elemental analysis was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Albumin-induced paw oedema model was used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity while agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the HP at different concentrations. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 10.00 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 336.60 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The chemo-profiling showed one spot at 254 nm but none at 366 nm. AAS indicated the presence of K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu and Pb (Cu and Pb were within WHO acceptable limit). The 100 % concentration produced sudden but transient significant reduction in oedema size at 30 minutes. However, at 60 minutes the effect produced at 25 % was comparable to that of Ibuprofen at 20 mg/kg body weight. At 100% concentration HP all the organisms tested were sensitive except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of flavonoids may justify the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities thus validating its use in local treatment of Asthma
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    Characterization, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potentials of a herbal preparation.
    (Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Published by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria., 2019) Njinga, N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Mustapha, K.B.; Yahaya, T.; Shittu, A.O.; Bello, H. R.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y.
    The stem bark of Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause was investigated for its phytochemistry, acute toxicity, antibacterial and anticonvulsant activit ies. Standard methods were used to evaluate phytochemistry while antibacterial activity was determined using agar diffusion and broth dilution method s on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Maximal electroshock-induced seizures test in chicks and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures test in mice were used to determine the anticonvulsant activity. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates steroids and triterpenes. Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the stem bark were found to be active against S. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Proteus sp, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis with zone of inhibition ranging from 20-27.5mm and MIC ranging from 6.25mg/mL to 100mg/mL and MBC from 50mg/mL and above. LD50 was found to be 2154.066 mg/kg. The crude methanol extract of the stem bark afforded dose (150, 300 and 600mg/kg) dependent protection to the laboratory animals against the hind limb tonic extension though not statistically significant (P<0.05) showing the inability of the extract to inhibit seizure discharge within the brainstem seizure substrate. Meanwhile the extract at doses of 300 and 600mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the onset of seizure in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test showing the potential of this plant in raising seizure threshold in the brain therefore making it beneficial in the treatment of myoclonic and absence seizures. This justifies the use of the plant in treating convulsion.
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    Characterization, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potentials of herbal preparation
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, A.B.U Zaria, 2019) Njinga N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Mustapha, K.B.; Yahaya, T.; Shittu A.O.; Bello, H.R.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y.
    Herbal product (HP) (from Ricinus communis and honey) is used locally for the management of inflammatory and inflammation related disorders including asthma. The current study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chemical profile, elemental components, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the HP used for treatment of asthma. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteus reagent and AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The chemo-profiling was done using TLC. Elemental analysis was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Albumin-induced paw oedema model was used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity while agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the HP at different concentrations. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 10.00 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 336.60 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The chemo-profiling showed one spot at 254 nm but none at 366 nm. AAS indicated the presence of K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu and Pb (Cu and Pb were within WHO acceptable limit). The 100 % concentration produced sudden but transient significant reduction in oedema size at 30 minutes. However, at 60 minutes the effect produced at 25 % was comparable to that of Ibuprofen at 20 mg/kg body weight. At 100% concentration HP all the organisms tested were sensitive except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of flavonoids may justify the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities thus validating its use in local treatment of Asthma
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    Extractive Values and Diuretic Activity of Methanol Extract of Three Varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) in Wistar Albino Rats
    (Published by the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2018) Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Abdullahi, A.A.; Musa, M.; Lawal, B.A.; Salawu, M.K.; Attah, F.A.U.
    Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) is widely cultivated in Nigeria as food and for medicinal purposes. The calyx is the most frequently used part of the plant and has been reported to have antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic activity. The aim of the present study is to determine the extractive values and diuretic activity of three varieties of H. sabdariffa. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane soluble extractive values were determined. The effect of the extracts of H. sabdariffa on urine output was evaluated and the concentration of sodium and potassium in blood was also determined. The results showed that water extract had the highest extractive value (32.90%, 26.50% and 29.00%) for the three varieties (Dark red, Light red and Green) respectively. H. sabdariffa extract (100 mg/kg G) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in urine output compared to the control. The diuretic activity of extract was comparable with the standard drug Hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg). The other species of H. sabdariffa extract produced no significant increase in urine output. H. sabdariffa extract (200 mg/kg G) showed a significant (p<0.05) natriuretic activity compared to control. There was no significance difference in the serum potassium levels for all the three varieties at the doses employed. The study showed that water is the most suitable solvent for extraction of the calyx of H. sabdariffa and the green variety produced a significant increase in urine output with potassium sparing activity. _____________________________________________________________________
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    Pharmacognostic studies and antioxidant activity of the stem-bark of Entandrophragma utile Dawe & Sprague (Meliaceae)
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2018-03) Usman, S.O.; Agunu, A.; Njinga, N.S.; Oladipupo, A.F.; Olutayo, A.O.
    The stem-bark of Entandrophragma utile (Meliaceae) is used traditionally for treatment of rheumatism, eye inflammation, sickle cell disease, gastric and duodenal ulcers in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacognostic and antioxidant properties of the stem-bark of E. utile. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations, physicochemical parameters as well as phytochemical analyses of the powdered stem bark are performed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects. The macroscopic studies indicated that the stem-bark is brown, bitter, rough, channeled or squilled and has a smooth fracture type. The microscopy showed the presence of bundles of fibres, single fibres, cork cells, and sclereids. Chemo-microscopy showed the presence of lignified cell walls, suberized/cuticular cell walls, tannins and starch. Physicochemical constants are: moisture-content 8.3 ± 0.03 %, alcohol-soluble extractive 0.8 ± 0.07 % and 0.4 ± 0.03 % water-soluble extractive values. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, saponin and flavonoid. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract was found to be 452.8±39.4 (GAE/g of dried extract mg/g) and 15,673±261.7 (QE mg/g) respectively. The IC50 was found to be 0.75 mg/mL. The study showed that the stem bark extract is a good source of polyphenols that could be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity of the plant.
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    Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of partitioned fractions of Lannea kerstingii Engl. And K. Krause (Anarcadiaceae)
    (West African College of Postgraduate Pharmacists, 2021) Njinga, N.S.; David, S.M.; Shittu A.O.; Lawal, B.A.; Bello, R.H.; Attah, F.A.U.; Usman, S.O.; Abdullahi, A.A.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.
    Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global public health and requires actions like the development of new antimicrobial with significant activities over existing drugs. Objectives: This study aims at investigating the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of partitioned fractions of Lannea kerstingii. Methods: A quantitative phytochemistry of chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of L. kerstingii for total flavonoid, phenol and alkaloid were done using standard method; antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were determined using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and agar diffusion method respectively. Results: The chloroform fraction contained only alkaloid (11%) and steroids while all the other fractions contained phenolic compounds in the range 0.43 to 0.67 mg/g garlic acid. The total flavonoid content ranged from 0.43 to 0.67 mg/g of quercetin. The total flavonoid in the ethyl acetate was significantly different from that of the methanol fraction but not with the acetone fraction. The acetone fraction showed highest antioxidant activity (60.4%) at 0.05 mg/mL though not as comparable to vitamin C. The ethyl acetate showed high antimicrobial activity as it was active against most of the organisms tested upon and zone of inhibition ranged from 13±0.02 to 29±0.1 mm. The acetone fraction was active only against T. mentagrophytes while the methanol fraction showed no activity. Conclusion: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities may be due to the presence of flavonoids, as well to the presence of tannins and terpenoids present in the different fractions. This makes the ethyl acetate fraction a good source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.