Browsing by Author "Usman, L. A."
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic test and phytochemical screening of the extracts of the stem of Fadogia agrestis(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2011-05-30) Ameen, Mubarak; Olatunji, G. A.; Atata, R. F.; Usman, L. A.The use of medicinal plants with therapeutic properties represents a secular tradition in different cultures, mainly in underdeveloped countries. Fadogia agrestis is commonly used in the management of erectile dysfunction. In this study, the cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria strains of the chloroform. ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Fadogia agresti-I' stem are presented. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of all the extract revealed the presence of reducing sugar. carbohydrates and alkaloids. In addition, the chloroform extract showed presence of saponins and flavanoids. In ethyl acetate extract: terpenoids was found, while methanolic extracts contain saponins, steroids, terpenoids and llavanoids. Tannins, anthraquinone and glycosides were not detected in the three extracts. The extracts exhibited low toxicity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina but demonstrated antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. with chloroform extract showing high activity against S. aureus. S. spp, B. subti/is and E. coli (MIC 6.75 mg/ml). These results should prompt new researches in order to isolate the constituents responsible for the activity.Item Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Essential Oils from Peels of Four Citrus Species(Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2021) Ameen, O. M.; Usman, L. A.; Bamikale, M. B.Essential oils were isolated from the dried peels of Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus auratifolia and Citrus reticulata using hydrodistillation method and were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, while DPPH scavenging analysis was used to determine the antioxidant potentials of the oils. The hydrodistillation of the peels afforded oil in the yield of 0.61, 0.42, 0.72 and 0.52 (% w/w) for C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulate respectively. Analyses of the oils revealed the presence of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and non-terpenes. A total of 19, 25, 16 and 21 compounds were identified in the peels essential oils C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulata respectively. D-limonene, with the percentage composition of 84.9%, 44.6%, 91.8% and 82.4% in C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulata respectively was the most predominant compound. All the citrus species peels essential oils showed antioxidant activity of scavenging DPPH with IC50 of 27.29, 28.67, 32.0 and 33.0 μg/ml for C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulata respectively. The oils were of d-limonene chemotype and can thus be candidates for antioxidant drugs.Item Effect of acid and alkaline hydrolysis on the concentrations of albumin and globulin in Thevetia peruviana seed cake protein extract(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2003-06-20) Usman, L. A.; Ibiyemi, S. A.; Oluwaniyi, O. O.; Ameen, MubarakThevetia peruviana seeds cake were defatted and then treated with varying concentrations each of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide solutions. Each product of hydrolysis was extracted with chloroform to isolate aglycones, the toxins of the seed. Various concentrations of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution effected complete detoxification. Only 0.4M and 0.5M of calcium hydroxide solution detoxified the seeds completely. Albumin and globulin determination by biuret method confirmed that various concentrations of the hydrolyzing agents increased the quantity of extractable albumin and globulin in the cake. Each solution used for the detoxification had closely related trend on the total albumin and globulin value of the treated cake. Higher quantities of albumin and globulin were recorded in the samples treated with various concentrations of calcium hydroxide solutions. The study suggests that calcium hydroxide at high concentrations appear to be the best detoxicant.Item EFFECT OF HEAT AND ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS ON THE AMINO ACID PROFILE OF JATROPHA CURCAS SEED CAKE(African Scholarly Science Communication Trust, 2014-05-05) Ameen, Mubarak; Usman, L. A.; Muhammed, N. O.; Okeola, F. O.; Boluwarin, E. O.; Fadeyi, O. O.In recent times, Jatropha curcas has attracted attention of various research organizations, governments, public and international developmental agencies and industries in the tropics and subtropics due to its adaptability to semi-arid marginal sites, the possibility of using its oil as a diesel fuel substitute and its role in erosion control. In tropical countries it is well known for its medicinal properties and as an oil seed. The seeds of J. curcas are a good source of oil, yielding between 40 – 80 % oil. Although the seed cake meal is rich in protein, it is toxic to rats, mice, ruminants and humans due to the presence of antinutritional factors; thus, its use as food or feed source has not been encouraging. However, recent findings indicate that after a proper detoxification process the seed meal can serve as a protein substitute in feed meals of animal feeds. The seeds of J. curcas were collected, dehulled, grounded and defatted to obtain the seed cake. The seed cake was divided into five portions, 60 g of each of the cake portion was separately moistened with 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M and 5 M NaOH solutions, respectively and autoclaved. Each of the autoclaved samples was washed with water and later with ethanol. A 60 g of the seed cake which was not treated with NaOH, water and ethanol was labeled untreated. The treated and untreated seed cakes were thus analyzed for their crude protein contents as well as amino acid profile. The untreated seed cake afforded 63.02 % yield of crude protein, while the crude protein content of the treated seed cake was 70.53, 71.46, 67.76, 60.82 and 56.19 % for the 1 – 5 M NaOH treated seed cake, respectively with the 2 M NaOH treated seed cake having the highest yield. The amino acid profile of the treated seed cake was similar and comparable to the values of WHO/FAO standard and those of soybeans. The seed can thus be used as an alternative protein source in animal feed formulation after it has been properly detoxified. If well processed, it would reduce competition between man and livestock for the conventional sources of proteins.Item International Journal of Chemical Sciences(Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2015-06-01) Ameen, O. M.; Olatunji, G. A.; Usman, L. A.; Adebayo, M. A.; Zubair, M. F.; Opabola, T. O.; Agboola, D. O.Dracaena manni Baker (Dracaenacea) is a plant used in trado – medicine for the treatment of various ailments, however literature is scarce about the efficacy of this medicinal plant. Thus the present study investigates this plant to corroborate the claims in trado – medicine and document our findings. The phytochemicals were extracted from the stem of Dracaena manni with ethyl acetate and then methanol. The screening of the extracts was carried out by brine shrimp lethality test (BST), antimicrobial and antifungal tests using microbes. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and anthraquinones in the methanolic extract while the ethyl acetate extract contain steroids, anthraquinones and terpenoids. The antimicrobial and antifungal analyses indicate ethyl acetate extract sensitivity towards Escherichia coli and Candida albicans while methanolic extract was sensitive towards Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The extracts were not active against the brine shrimp larvae. This study indicates that D. mannii have potential antimicrobial and antifungal activity but there are slight differences in the activities of the extracts based on the solvents that was used for extraction. The results of our findings have indicated the biological activities of the plant extracts and their usability in the preparation of new drugs. However, further study is required to identify the active constituents responsible for these antibacterial and antifungal activities.Item Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2013-06-01) Usman, L. A.; Muhammad, N. O.; Ameen, O. M.; Ismaeel, R. O.; Azeez, G. O.Leaf essential oil of Cochlospermum planchonii was obtained by hydrodistillation. GC and GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed that, the oil was rich in sesquiterpenes(51.7%). Nonterpenic and monoterpenic compounds constituted 35.5 and 11.9% of the oil. The principal constituents of the oil were; methylcyclopentane (26.3%), caryophyllene (11.4%), germacrene-D (8.8%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%), copaene (5.6%), 2 – methylpentane (5.0%), δ-cadinene (4.9%), β-myrcene (4.3%) and α – cadinol (4.0%).In all, terpinic compounds that are biologically active against disease causing organisms constituted 63.6% of the oil. With the predominant of this class of metabolite, the oil could serve as therapeutic agents for pathogenic diseases.Item Preliminary Phytochemistry, Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of extract of Asystasia gangetic Linn T. Anderson grown in Nigeria(Pelagia, 2011) Hamid, A. A.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.; Ahmed, R. N.; Usman, L. A.; Adebayo, S. AThe hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts obtained from the whole plant of Asystasia gangetica were evaluated invitro to determine inhibition of human pathogenic microorganisms made up of six bacteria and six fungi. The crude extracts inhibited the growth of twelve test organisms to different degrees. All the bacteria strains were sensitive to all the extracts at concentration ranging from 50 to 200mg/mL using the agar diffusion pour plate method. The inhibition of these test organisms were concentration dependent, activity being higher at higher concentration of all the three extract. The extracts showed higher antifungal properties on Candida albicans, Penicillum notatum, Tricophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum with activity comparable to that of the reference drug. Tioconazole, Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the extracts revealed the presence of saponins, reducing sugar, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids and anthraquinones.