Browsing by Author "Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T."
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Item Effect of Membership Functions and Data Size on the Performance of ANFIS-Based Model for Predicting Path Losses in the VHF and UHF Bands(Journal of Engineering Research (JER) - Kuwait University, 2021-10) Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T.; Faruk, Nasir; Abdulkarim, Abubakar; Oloyede, Abdulkarim A.; Olawoyin, Lukman A.; Popoola, Segun I.; Sowande, Olugbenga; Adetiba, EmmanuelToday, the world is technology-driven and so of these technologies are driven using wireless systems. Signal coverage and quality of service are pertinent for network providers and path loss prediction is very important in the design and planning of these systems. However, the inefficiency of conventional propagation models, such as empirical, deterministic and theoretical models has been established in previous research works. The machine learning methods have recently been applied for prediction of path losses. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique is one of the machine learning techniques that has been successfully employed to predict path losses in different environments. However, the performance of the ANFIS-based models in terms of the computational complexity and accuracy depends on the selection of the appropriate system parameters. This paper, therefore, investigates the effect of number and shape of membership function (MF), and training data size on the performance of ANFIS model for predicting path losses in the VHF and UHF bands in built-up environments. Path loss propagation measurements were conducted in four cities of Nigeria over the cellular and broadcasting frequencies. A total of 17 broadcast transmission and cellular base stations were utilized for this study. From the results obtained, it can be concluded for the broadcasting bands that the generalized bell MF shows better performance with an average RMSE of 3.00 dB across all the routes, followed by gaussian, Pi, trapezoid and triangular MFs in that other with average RMSE values of 3.09 dB, 3.11 dB, 3.16 dB and 3.23 dB respectively. For the cellular systems, Triangular MF outperformed other MFs with the lowest average RMSE. The generalized bell MF was found to be suited for WCDMA band while triangular MF is most suited for GSM band. Furthermore, it can also be concluded that the higher the number of membership functions, the lower the RMSE, whereas, a decrease in the data size leads to a reduction in the RMSE values. The findings of this study would help researchers and network planners to make a more informed decision on choosing appropriate system parameters when modeling ANFIS models for path loss prediction.sItem Effects of Detection Threshold and Frame Size On Duty Cycle in GSM Bands(2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON), 2017-11) Sikiru, Ismaeel Abiodun; Faruk, N.; Popoola, S. I.; Imam-Fulani, Yusuf Olayinka; Oloyede, A. A.; Olawoyin, L. A.; Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T.Explosion in the demand for mobile applications those obtained based on actual measurements of the noise floor overestimates the occupancy values across all bands while the GSM 900 and 1800 MHz bands in Ilorin, Nigeria to cover a though, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)has are examined.Spectrum measurements were conducted in the optimum prediction, 5dB above the measured average noise level should be considered as detection threshold. Furthermore, it was ITU 10 dB was found to be too conservative. Therefore, for and services necessitates the efficient utilization of the limited acceptable threshold value. In this paper, the effects of energy detection threshold techniques on duty cycle in the GSM bands provided a benchmark of 10dB above the noise level as an found that the number of frames of the sensing data do not have analytical method of determining noise level (theoretical) and most appropriate threshold value is not yet clearly stated, bandwidth of 105 MHz. Experimental results based on radio spectrum. Determination of a suitable detection threshold the probability of false alarm or failure detection. However, the Inappropriate choice of the threshold value may either increase is an important aspect of spectrum occupancy measurement. (measured) were analyzed. Findings indicated that the MaxNoise significant effect on the duty cycleItem A Review of Probabilistic Approaches for Available Transfer Capability Calculation(Published by Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria., 2019) Mohammed, O.O.; Mustafa, M. W.; Otuoze, A. O.; Salisu, S.; Abdulrahman, A. Y.; Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T.Item Sensitivity Degradation and Antenna Isolation Analyses for a Multi-Operator Global Systems for Mobile Communication Base Transceiver Stations(Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, (UNN) Nigeria., 2019) Ehiagwina, F. O.; Afolabi, A. S.; Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T.; Fakolujo, O. A.In other to mitigate challenges associated with the expansion of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) systems, infrastructure sharing have been proposed and adopted by some GSM operators. When infrastructure sharing is done, there is the possibility of degradation of quality of service due to Electromagnetic Compatibility issues, interference between operators, sensitivity degradation, increasing noise floor, antenna isolation requirement issue. This paper analyses the sensitivity degradation and the effects of spatial separation on antenna isolation requirement of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) receiver for a multi-operator mobile cellular systems. The data used were extracted from standards of organisation like European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards and others. Antenna dimension were obtained from physical observations of BTS site. By comparison with identified metrics in the standards, we verified that the number of operators that can share infrastructure is limited by the allowable sensitivity degradation. It was noted that an antenna isolation of 70dB can be achieved for GSM 900 band antennas and when GSM 1800 band antennas are used, 90dB antenna isolation is achievable greater than the minimum recommendation of 30dB.