Browsing by Author "Sule, Ismaila Olawale"
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Item Analysis of Indoor Air Microflora of Some Daycare Centres in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Nigeria(Al-Hikmah Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2017) Sule, Ismaila Olawale; Agbabiaka, Toyin Olayemi; Saliu, Kudirat Bolanle; Odebisi-Omokanye, Mutiat Busayo; Zakariyah, Rahmat Folashade; Ali, Aminat AThe microflora of air in ten daycare centres within Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria was investigated by settling plate technique. The plates were exposed for a period of 10 minutes at each sampling point. The counts of bacteria, total coliform and fungi ranged from 10 to 200, 10 to 170 and 6 to 110 cfu/10 minutes respectively. A total of 23 microorganisms comprising 12 bacteria and 11 fungi were isolated in this study. These bacteria were Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus arlettae, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae., Corynebacterium amycolatum, Bacillus pumilus, Corynebacterium matruchotii and Listeria grayi while the fungi were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus glaucus and Polyporus sp. The predominant bacterium and fungus in this study were Micrococcus sp. and Aspergillus fumigatus respectively. It can be concluded that the indoor air of the daycare centres used for this study had diverse species of Gram positive bacteria, high occurrence of non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Moulds dominate the fungal isolates and some of the bacterial species are commensals found on human body whereas the fungi are environmental in origin. A few pathogenic species were isolated among the bacteria and fungi.Item Comparative study of bacteria in the digestive tracts of chickens reared as free rangers and those reared in poultry(Department of Biological and Environmental Science Bayero University Kano, 2012) Saliu, Bolanle Kudirat; Sule, Ismaila Olawale; Agbabiaka, Toyin OlayemiThe bacterial flora of the digestive tracts of chickens reared at home was compared with those of poultry chickens. Samples obtained from the crop, gizzard and intestine were cultured on Nutrient Agar. Bacterial population was estimated using plate count method. Poultry chickens had higher population of bacteria while a greater diversity occurred in the digestive tracts of chickens reared at home. Among the isolates, Lactobacillus sp. and Escherichia coli were found in all the compartments of the two categories of chicken studied. Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were also isolated from all the chickens. In addition, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus megaterium and Streptococcus pyogenes occurred in the digestive tracts of the free rangers. the high diversity of the free rangers reflect the method of feeding which may predispose that category of chickens to attack by pathogenic organisms. A number of isolates hydrolyzed starch and cellulose. They may play important roles in the digestion of the carbohydrates especially cellulose.Item Efficacy of Some Chemical Preservatives in Prolonging the Shelf Life of Fermented Locust Beans ‘iru’(UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research, 2019) Saliu, Kudirat Bolanle; Sule, Ismaila Olawale; Agbabiaka, Toyin Olayemi; Zakariyah, Rahmat FolashadeIn Nigeria most foods are preserved by adding salt. The efficacy of this and some other chemical preservatives in improving the storage quality of fermented locust beans was the focus of this study. Samples of fermented locust beans were separately treated with table salt (10% w/w), brine (10 and 20% solution), vinegar (4 and 6%) and lactic acid (10 and 20%). After treatment, all the samples were stored at ambient temperature and periodically analysed for sensory and microbiological properties. Samples treated with dry salt became slippery, changed in color and developed bad odor within 1, 4 and 14 days respectively. Except for the softening observed, no significant (p < 0.5) change occurred with the color and odor of the other samples during storage. A total of 29 bacterial and 6 fungal isolates were obtained. The dominant bacteria were members of the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Citrobacter, Microbacterium, Enterobacter, Leuconostoc, Arthrobacter, and Corynebacterium while Saccharomyces cerevisae, Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp., dominated the fungal population. Other fungi were Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria alternata, and Candida albicans. The microbial load and diversity reduced significantly (p < 0.5) after treatment and during storage. Among the bacterial isolates, Bacillus cereus, B. pumilus, B. lentus, B. licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. saprophyticus Citrobacter freundii, Arthrobacter ureafaciens, Corynebacterium poinsetiae, Micrococcus denitrificans and Microbacterium sp. were inhibited by lactic acid, vinegar and brine with diameter zone of inhibition ranging from 11.0 to 24.0mm; 15.0 to 20.5mm and 12.5 to 22.5 mm respectively. This study has shown that lactic acid, vinegar and brine have some preservative effects on fermented locust beans and can therefore be used to prolong its shelf life.Item Extraction and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Eucalyptus globulus(Ilorin Journal of Science, 2016) Ahmed, Risikat Nike; Sule, Ismaila Olawale; Zakariyah, Rahmat Folashade; Gambari-Ambali, Rabiat O; Jimoh, Fausat AbimbolaThe essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus obtained by hydrodistillation (Fever tree) was investigated for activity against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The oil was extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Separation, identification and determination of percentage composition of compounds present in the oil were carried out by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The antibacterial activity was investigated by agar diffusion technique using various concentrations of the essential oil: 100% v/v, 75% v/v, 50% v/v, 25% v/v, 15% v/v. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using turbidimetric assay by taking the absorbance with the aid of a spectrophotometer. Minimum bactericidal concentration was by plate assay. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry revealed the presence of seven compounds, all amounting to 90.4% with globulol having the highest percentage composition of 30.1%. The evaluation of sensitivity of the oil revealed the highest activity at 100% v/v against both isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration was obtained at 25% v/v when assayed against K. pneumoniae with no activity at all against S. aureus at the same concentration. Oil showed no bactericidal activity at all concentrations, suggesting only bacteristatic activity of the oil. Investigation from this work revealed that the essential oil of E. globulus exhibit activity against the tested isolates and can thus be employed in the treatment of infections caused by them.Item Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles From Extract of Leaves of Croton Zambesicus(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2016) Ahmed, Risikat Nike; Sani, Al-hassan; Oluwo, N.O; Sule, Ismaila Olawale; Zakariyah, Rahmat FolashadeSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized using a combination of aqueous extract of Croton zambesicus and silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution to obtain various concentrations of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 300mg/ml and 400mg/ml at 10mM. Characterization of the synthesized silver nanoparticle was done by UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial activity against four bacterial isolates was determined by standard method of agar-well diffusion assay. The activity of two standard antibiotics was compared with the AgNPs of C. zambesicus using the disc diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was achieved using microbroth dilution technique. Test tubes that showed low turbidity in the MIC assays were reinoculated on sterile agar plates and this was taken as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MBC). The presence of phytochemical constituent was examined using standard methods. The total yield of the AgNPs of the plant extract was 10.94g. The characterization by UV-visible revealed that at a wavelength of 429.0nm the particle has peak absorbance of 2.003, while the FTIR showed the presence of five (5) functional groupsE. coli demonstrated reduction in activity as concentration increased with zone diameter of 24mm at 100mg/ml and 10mm at 400mg/ml. The analysis of MIC and MBC revealed inhibitory and bactericidal effects at the same concentration of 30mg/ml. The mode of action of the AgNPs at 100mg/ml showed a total cell lysis of all test isolates. Following the results of the phytochemical analysis, the presence of six phytochemicals were observed. It is evident from this study that AgNPs synthesized from extract of leaf of C. zambesicus is a very effective antibacterial agent that can compare favourably with conventional antibiotics, hence considering it as an alternative in the elimination of the tested isolates and infections caused by themItem MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ‘’KUNU” SOLD WITHIN ILORIN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA(Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 2016-12) Sule, Ismaila Olawale; Saliu, Kudirat Bolanle; Zakariyah, Rahmat Folashade; Adegbenro, I.O