Browsing by Author "Subodh Gupta"

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    Identification of best detoxification strategies for sustainable valorization of waste from Jatropha-based biodiesel industry: Compounding the benefits of plant-based vehicular fuel
    (Elsevier BV, 2021-11) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Ankur Jamwal; Vikas Kumar; Shamna N.; Femi J. Fawole; Bhushan N. Sanap; N.P. Sahu; Subodh Gupta
    Bioenergy generated from plants is one of the best potential energy supplies. Recently, the non-edible Jatropha curcas has been considered one of the world’s most sustainable biofuel crops. Protein rich defatted Jatropha curcas kernel meal (DJKM) is toxic which contains phorbol esters (PEs, 1307 µg g−1) as a major toxic component, therefore it was detoxified through physical, chemical and solid-state fermentation treatments. Water soaking and moist heat treatment (autoclaving) had no significant effect on the PEs removal compared to control. Exposure of DJKM to electron beam radiation (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy) had a significant effect on PEs degradation and most efficient was at 25 kGy dose. Solvent extraction with either 90% methanol or 80% ethanol in combination with moist heat treatment was the most efficient method compared to other concentrations of methanol or ethanol. Solvent extraction of kernel meal through 0.2 or 0.3 M NaOH in 90% methanol and 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 M NaOH in 80% ethanol, followed by moist heat treatment led to the removal of PEs completely. The PEs content in DJKM through highly alkaline methanol plus moist heat treatment (AM3.0) and ferric chloride & hydrogen peroxide plus moist heat treatments significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to 13.0 and 53.6 µg g−1, respectively. Non-alkaline solvent extraction of DJKM using either 90% methanol (M90H) or 80% ethanol (E80H) in addition to heating while magnetic stirring reduced PEs content significantly (p < 0.05) compared to control exhibiting 99.77 and 99.32% removal, respectively. The DJKM was free of PEs when it was treated via solid-state fermentation through Aspergillus niger fungus. Conclusively, chemical detoxification treatments are cumbersome, un-economical, and their incorporation in the diet may affect animal performance, whereas, the fermentation approach is cost economical, environmentally sustainable and offers greater efficiency.
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    Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita : Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity
    (Elsevier BV, 2016-09) Femi John Fawole; Narottam Prasad Sahu; K.K. Jain; Subodh Gupta; N. Shamna; Vikas Phulia; D.L. Prabu
    The nutritional potential of protein isolate from rubber seed (RPI) in the diets of Labeo rohita (initial average weight 4.45 ± 0.01 g) was assessed in a 60 days feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous (32.62 ± 0.13 CP Kg−1) and isocaloric (18.47 ± 0.08 MJ kg−1) experimental diets were formulated with graded level of RPI like 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% in replacement for soybean protein isolate (SPI), and designated as Control, RPI25, RPI50, RPI75, RPI100, respectively. The RPI contributed 0%, 13%, 26%, 39% or 52% of the total dietary protein in the diets. Each diets were randomly assigned to 15 experimental tanks containing 12 fish in triplicates and fed to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance and nutrient utilization indices such as percent weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth coefficient (DGC), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention (PR) values were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments irrespective of inclusion levels of RPI. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) hepatosomatic index (HSI) was recorded in the control and RPI 50 group compared to other treatment groups (p < 0.05). The intestinal somatic index (ISI) and Survival rate were similar (p > 0.05) in all the groups. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and protein for fish fed the control and RPI 100 diets were found to be similar, while RPI 50 and RPI 75 groups exhibited a significantly lower value corresponding to the protease enzyme activity. The whole body compositions and digestive/metabolic enzymes activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control compared to the RPI fed groups. Significantly higher serum glucose level was recorded in RPI 50, while a reverse was seen in the liver glycogen contents. Overall, this study clearly showed that RPI from rubber seed can serve as alternative protein source in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings without any adverse effects on growth, nutrient utilization and physio-metabolic responses.
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    Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal in the Diet of Labeo rohita Fingerlings: Effect on Hemato‐biochemical and Histopathological Parameters
    (Wiley, 2017-08) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Narottam Prasad Sahu; N. Shamna; Femi John Fawole; Subodh Gupta; P. D. Gadhave
    Jatropha kernel meal was detoxified through the process of solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger fungus. A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) on the hemato-biochemical and histopathological parameters in Labeo rohita fingerlings (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g). A total of 180 fish were randomly distributed in 12 experimental tanks in four dietary groups, namely control (SBM-based diet), T1 (10% FJKM replacing 33.3% SBM), T2 (20% FJKM replacing 66.7% SBM), and T3 (30% FJKM replacing 100% SBM). There was no significant difference in the red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, and respiratory burst activity among the various groups, but significantly higher hematocrit value and albumin/globulin ratio were observed in the T2-fed group compared with the control. No statistical difference was found in serum glucose level of the control and FJKM-fed groups. Histopathological examination of the intestine and liver indicated no adverse effects in the control and FJKM-fed groups. Our findings revealed that FJKM can replace 100% SBM protein in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings, without any adverse effects on fish health.
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    Substitution of soybean meal with fermented Jatropha kernel meal: effect on growth performance, body composition, and metabolic enzyme activity of Labeo rohita
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-12-09) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Narottam Prasad Sahu; Femi John Fawole; N. Shamna; Subodh Gupta
    A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous (336 g kg−1) and iso-energetic (20 MJ kg−1) diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg−1 FJKM in replacement of 0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% soybean meal protein, respectively, were prepared and designated as control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A total of 180 acclimatized fish (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g) were equally distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates, and were fed their respective diets to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. Higher percent weight gain (%WG); specific growth rate (SGR); protein efficiency ratio (PER); protease, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities; and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T2 and T3 groups compared to other groups. Whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal somatic index (ISI), and amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities among the various dietary groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). Whole body composition of fish analyzed at the end of the feeding trial exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher ether extract and lower crude protein in the control group compared to the FJKM-fed groups. These results indicated that rohu fingerlings can efficiently utilize FJKM without any detrimental effect on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and metabolic response.