Browsing by Author "Shittu, M"
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Item Chlorpyrifos –Induced Clinical, Hematological and Bio-chemical Changes in Swiss-Albino Mice-Mitigating effect by Co-administration of Vitamin C and E(Published by Zhengzhou University, 2010) Giwa, A; Ambali, SF; Akanbi, DO; Shittu, M; Oladipo, OO; Ayo, JOBackground. Induction of Oxidative stress is one of the molecular mechanisms in chlorpyrifos toxicity.Objective. To evaluate the effect of prolonged CPF exposure on clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters in mice and the possible ameliorative effect of coadministration of vitamins C and E. Methods. 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals in each group served as subjects for this study. Groups I and II were administered corn oil (2 ml/kg) and combination of vitamins C (100 mg/kg) and E (75 mg/kg), respectively. Group III were exposed to CPF only (21.6 mg/kg ~ 1/5th of the previously determined LD50 of 108 mg/kg), while group IV were pretreated with combination of vitamins C (100 mg/kg) and E (75 mg/kg) and then administered CPF (21.6 mg/kg) 30 min later. The regimens were administered orally once daily for a period of 10 weeks. The mice were examined for signs of toxicity and weekly body weight changes. Blood and serum samples obtained from sacrificed animals at the end of the study were evaluated for some hematological and biochemical parameters, respectively. Results.Vitamins pretreatment ameliorated cholinergic toxic signs and changes in body weight, PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC count induced by CPF. CPF-evoked alteration in Na+, K+, Cl-, TP, urea, creatinine, ALP and MDA levels were ameliorated by pretreatment with the vitamins. ALT and AST activities lowered by CPF was further reduced by vitamins pretreatment. Conclusion. Vitamins C and E protected mice from subchronic CPF-induced alteration in clinical,hematological and serum biochemical parameters.Item Oxidative stress involvement in chronic chlorpyrifos -induced hepatocellular injury: Alleviating effect of vitamin C(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, 2018) Ambali, S.F.; Shittu, M; Akorede, G.J; Olatunji, A; Aremu, A; Ibrahim, N.D.G.; Ramon-Yusuf, S.B.Introduction: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a phosphorothionate chlorinated organophosphate (OP) insecticide is widely used in agriculture and public health. Like other OP insecticides, its main mechanism of toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to cholinergic syndrome. Since toxicity occurs at doses that do not inhibit AChE or long after its restoration, other mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress have been widely implicated. The present study was aimed at evaluating the mitigating effect of vitamin C on CPF-induced hepatocellular injury in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of five animals in each group. The four groups were exposed by gavage to soya oil (2 ml/kg), vitamin C (100 mg/kg), CPF (10.6 mg/kg~1/8th LD50) and vitamin C (100 mg/kg) + CPF (10.6 mg/kg; 30 min later), respectively for 17 weeks. The sera obtained from blood samples collected from the animals were analysed for the levels of total proteins, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), -glutamyl transferase (GGT) while globulin concentration and albumin/globulin ratio were calculated. The liver homogenate was evaluated for the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and histological changes. Results: The study showed that CPF altered the levels of the serum hepatic enzymes, hepatic MDA SOD and CAT, in addition to inducing hepatocellular degeneration. All these parameters were alleviated by pretreatment with vitamin C. Significance: CPF-induced hepatocellular injury which was partly due to oxidative changes was mitigated by vitamin C partly due to its antioxidative activity.