Browsing by Author "Sanya, E.O"

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    Cardiovascular autonomic reflex function in sickle cell anaemia patients
    (National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria., 2010-12-17) Sanya, E.O; Soladoye, A.; Olanrewaju, T.O; Kolo, P.M; Durotoye, I A.
    Aims and objectives: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CAD) has been documented as part of neurological complications in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). There is little information on CAD from sub-Saharan Africa with 25-40% prevalence rate of sickle cell trait. This study therefore assessed cardiovascular autonomic reflex function in a group of Nigerians with SCA. Subjects and methods: Forty SCA and 44 controls (Hemoglobin AA) were studied. They were assessed using 6 non-invasive cardiovascular autonomic reflex (CAR) tests. Parasympathetic functions were assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) to deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and lying-to-standing test while sympathetic blood pressure regulation was assessed by systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses to lying-to-standing position and isotonic handgrip test. Results: Mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration of SCA patients and controls were 8.4 +/- 2.4 g/dl and 13.1 +/- 0.9 g/dl, respectively. Baseline heart rate was significantly faster in the SCA patients (84 +/- 12 beats/minute) than in controls (76 +/- 11 beats/minute) [P < 0.05]. Eleven SCA compared to 2 controls had abnormal responses to deep breathing test (P = 0.003); 15 SCA and 6 controls had impaired Valsalva ratio (P = 0.01); 8 SCA and 4 controls had abnormal responses lying-to-standing test (P = 0.2). Although, more SCA patients compared to controls had abnormal responses to sympathetic mediated blood pressure tests the difference was insignificant (P > 0.05). Overall 21 (53%) SCA patients compared to 4 control subjects (9%) fulfilled the criteria for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (presence of e"3 CAR tests) with p < 0.05. Conclusion: CAN occur in Nigerians with SCA with relative preservation of the sympathetic blood pressure reflex control compared to parasympathetic heart rate regulation. Increase baseline heart rate associated with SCA in the presence of chronic anaemia could result in myocardial hypertrophy and dilatation. This is likely to be predispose sicklers to hypoxia-related arrhythmia.
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    Electrolyte Profile of Epileptic Patients on Carbamazepine Monotherapy
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016) Ayanniyi, R.O; Biliaminu, S.A; Wahab, K.W; Sanya, E.O; Ighodalo, M; Oyeleke, S.A; Ologe, M.O
    Epileptic seizures result from disruption in electrical activity among neurons. Adequate amount ofelectrolytes is essential for a healthy nervous system. The existing knowledge on the impact of antiepileptic drugs on serum electrolyte is still controversial. This study was designed to determine the effects of long term use of carbamazepine on serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in complex partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizure patients at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study involving 23 seizure disorder adult patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Serum was analyzed for calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and albumin using complexometric and colorimetric methods. Serum concentration of calcium (albumin adjusted calcium 3.47±0.09) and alkaline phoshatase (261.87±14.53) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in subjects on carbamazepine compared to the control drugs group (2.64±0.04 and 146.67±4.11) respectively. In addition serum concentration of magnesium (1.35±0.04) was significantly higher in the subjects compared to the control group (1.04±0.02) but within the normal range. Inorganic phosphate though significantly lower in the subjects was also within the normal range. In the control group, serum concentration of calcium was strongly correlated with concentration of magnesium, alkaline phoshatase and inorganic phosphate. This linearity was lost completely in epileptic patients on carbamazepine. In this study, an increase in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium and a decrease in inorganic phosphate were found in epileptic patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Monitoring serum concentration of these electrolytes may be of benefit to the patients’ management.
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    Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRS) Among In-Patients Admitted into the Adult Medical Wards of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
    (Pharmaceutical Research Development & Practice., 2018-05) Ayetoro, S.O; Amali, M.O; Olagunju, A.O; Sanya, E.O; Laiyemo, K.A; Saka, M.J
    Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are considered as a major health problem among hospitalized patients. The safety of many drugs currently in use clinically has been studied. However, their safety profiles may not necessarily be universally applicable due to local environmental and genetic influences resulting in differences in the incidence, pattern and severity of ADRs. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and pattern of ADR events in the adult medical wards of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH). A prospective descriptive study was conducted over a period of one year on all admissions in the adult medical wards of the UITH. Data were extracted from daily ADRs reports from March 2013 to February 2014. Extracted data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 20. A total of 2012 patients consisting of 910 males and 1102 females were admitted to, and assessed in the wards. Fifty two (2.58%) patients with ADRs were detected and reported. 57.7% of reported ADRs cases were patients admitted specifically due to an ADR and 42.3% occurred while on admission. Mostly implicated classes of drugs were anti-inflammatory/analgesics (21.2%) and antidiabetics (15.4%). The most commonly affected organ system was the central nervous system (40.4%). A pattern of ADRs in adults was established and the magnitude for different drug classes was determined A need to establish a regular reporting program, assessment of knowledge levels of health workers, and incorporation of molecular methods to define/determine responsible allergens is also necessary to enhance safety in drug use.