Browsing by Author "Sanni, O. O. M."
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Item An Analysis of the Gender Distribution in Nigeria.(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2016-08-01) Sanni, O. O. M.; Ikoba, N. A.; Abidoye, A. O.; Job, O.The gender distribution in Nigeria from early education up till the highest levels of decision-making is explored in this study. The objectives were to: examine the progression in the gender distribution from early education to the high decision-making positions; test for gender parity in education and some subdivisions of the labour force in Nigeria, and in cases where there are disparities, to ascertain the degree of such disparities based on the 35% benchmark for females, set out in various global and national protocols. Data was elicited from several sources covering education, public service, politics and the judiciary. Tests of hypothesis were carried out to test for gender parity in education and to ascertain the level of attainment of the minimum threshold in other segments of the population. The gender progression curve was also presented to give a graphical overview of the movement of the gender distribution. Our results show that while progress has been made in bridging the gender gap in education, disparities still exist in other sectors. The female population in the lower and middle level manpower positions significantly exceed the 35% benchmark,while the female proportion in the high positions remains very low, under 10%.Item APPLICATION OF A T - STATISTIC FOR TESTING EQUALITY OF MEANS WITH DIRECTIONAL ALTERNATIVE WHEN POPULATION VARIANCES ARE UNEQUAL(FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 2018) Abidoye, A. O.; Sanni, O. O. M.In this study, we proposed a test statistic for testing equality of means when variances are not equal. When variances of different groups are significantly different from one another it is not proper to use the pooled sample variance (SP2) as a single value for the variances. In this work we are interested in testing directional hypothesis, since the variances are unequal then we make use of harmonic mean variance (SH2). The means are ranked such that the problem reduces to a two sample situations. Data set from Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture on the yield of maize (kilograms) in four different locations was used to demonstrate directional hypothesis testing.Item Application of Pearson’s X^2 Test of Independence with Small Expected Cell Frequencies. Abacus(Mathematical Association of Nigeria, 2016-08-01) Sanni, O. O. M.; Abidoye, A. O.; Ikoba, N. A.Pearson’s X^2 is re-examined within the context of small expected cell frequency (e_ij< 5), for the Pearson’s X^2 statistic to satisfy the asymptotic approximation to Chi-square distribution. This paper proposes scalar multiplier theta > 0, such that theta(e_ij') ≥ 5, where e_ij' is the smallest expected cell count in the contingency table under consideration. The product of the sample size ‘n’ and ‘theta ’ results in each cell count becoming (theta)n_ij, which does not cause any change in the cell probabilities. Thus the assumption of independence is thereby satisfied. This approach guarantees the safe application of Pearson’s X^2 for test of independence under small expected cell counts with the degrees of freedom also multiplied by theta.