Browsing by Author "Sani, Alhassan"
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Item Bioethanol Potentials of Corn Cob Hydrolysed Using Cellulases of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium decumbens(Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Germany, 2012) Saliu, Bolanle Kudirat; Sani, AlhassanCorn cob is a major component of agricultural and domestic waste in many parts of the world. It is composed mainly of cellulose which can be converted to energy in form of bioethanol as an efficient and effective means of waste management. Production of cellulolytic enzymes were induced in the fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium decumbens by growing them in mineral salt medium containing alkali pre-treated and untreated corn cobs. The cellulases were characterized and partially purified. Alkali pre-treated corn cobs were hydrolysed with the partially purified cellulases and the product of hydrolysis was fermented using the yeast saccharomyces cerevisae to ethanol. Cellulases of A. niger produced higher endoglucanase and exoglucanase activity (0.1698 IU ml-1 and 0.0461 FPU ml-1) compared to that produced by P. decumbens (0.1111 IU ml-1 and 0.153 FPU ml-1). Alkali pre-treated corn cob hydrolysed by cellulases of A. niger yielded 7.63 mg ml-1 sugar which produced 2.67 % (v/v) ethanol on fermentation. Ethanol yield of the hydrolysates of corn cob by cellulases of P. decumbens was much lower at 0.56 % (v/v). Alkali pre-treated corn cob, hydrolysed with cellulases of A. niger is established as suitable feedstock for bioethanol production.Item Production of ethanol from agricultural and wood wastes degraded by cellulases of Trichoderma harzianum(Nigerian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2013) Saliu, Bolanle Kudirat; Sani, AlhassanThe potentials of Trichoderma harzianum in the hydrolysis of agricultural and wood residues as natural lignocellulosic materials; for the production of ethanol were studied. Corn cob, groundnut shell and sawdust were used as cellulosic waste materials to induce the production of cellulases by T. harzianum. The enzyme produced was precipitated using Ammonium sulphate, characterized and used to hydrolyse alkali pre-treated cellulosic wastes. The product of hydrolysis was fermented to ethanol using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. Among the three cellulosic waste materials tested, the endoglucanase and exoglucanase activity of 0.1494±0.0056 and 0.0820±0.0013 respectively, obtained in culture medium containing corn cob were significantly high (p < 0.05), when compared to those of groundnut shell (0.0532±0.0024 and 0.0229±0.0006) and sawdust (0.0235±0.0038 and 0.0117±0.0002). The optimum condition for the activity of the enzyme was 50oC and pH 5.0. Hydrolysis of corn cob with the cellulase yielded 2.83 mg ml-1 of sugar which produced 1.04% v/v ethanol on fermentation. Comparatively, the sugar yield from hydrolysis of groundnut shell and sawdust was too low for use in fermentation to ethanol. Although cellulases of T. harzianum degraded the three lignocellulosic waste materials to sugar, highest yield was obtained with corn cob. Consequently, corn cob was established as the most viable feedstock in the production of ethanol using the yeast S. cerevisae.Item Production of fermentable sugar from locally sourced lignocellulosic biomass by Aspergillus niger isolate(Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, 2014) Saliu, Bolanle Kudirat; Sani, Alhassan; Oke, Mushafa A.Swithgrass, sunflower stalk, sugarcane baggase, corn cob, corn stover and groundnut shell were pulverized to powder and pre-treated differently with dilute sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide in preparation for enzymatic conversion to fermentable sugar. Aspergillus niger was isolated from rotten wood, tree bark and soil mixed with saw dust; and screened for cellulase activity using the agar diffusion method with carboxyl methyl cellulose as the substrate. A total of 27 isolates which produced zone of clearance ranging from 4.4 mm to 33.6 mm were obtained. The pre-treated materials were hydrolyzed in a submerged fermentation using the A. niger isolate that produced the highest cellulase activity. Acid pre-treatment was found to be more effective in terms of yield of fermentable sugar. Among the lignocellose materials, swithgrass pre-treated with acid produced the highest sugar yield of 1.80 ± 0.05 mg ml-1 while the lowest yield of 0.38 mg ml-1 was obtained from alkali pre-treated groundnut shell