Browsing by Author "Salawu Muritala Kayode"

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    Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Partition Fractions of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Vernonia amygdalina
    (Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2024-12) Njinga Ngaitad Stanislaus; Egharevba Godshelp Osas; David Susan Mosebolatan; Mbakop Carline; Abdulazeez Iyabode Fatima; Olorukooba Halima Omolara; Olayiwola Olabisi Oreoluwa; Salawu Muritala Kayode; Shittu Abiodun Olatunji
    The calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa and the leaf of Vernonia amygdalina are plant parts which are widely consumed in Nigeria. These plant parts are known for their numerous medicinal uses which is a function of the phytochemicals present in them. This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of the calyx of H. sabdariffa and the leaf of V. amygdalina to ascertain their medicinal values. Phytochemical studies were done using standard methods such as Fehling’s test, alkaline reagent test, Keller-Kiliani test and spectrophotometric techniques. The antioxidant activities were carried out through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effects. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Vernonia amygdalina revealed the presence of varying amounts of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols and flavonoids. The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Vernonia amygdalina contained alkaloids while only the chloroform fraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa contained alkaloids. The difference in alkaloidal content of the chloroform fractions of both plant extracts was not statistically significant at P<0.05. The methanol fraction of both plants contained saponins with Vernonia amygdalina showing a higher percent of saponin compared to that of Hibiscus sabdarriffa although the difference was not statistically significant at P<0.05. Vernonia amygdalina contained more flavonoids in all fractions than Hibiscus sabdariffa. The difference in concentration of flavonoids between the fractions of both plant was statically significant at P<0.05. The phenolic content of the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol fractions of H. sabdariffa were higher than that of V. amygdalina but the difference was not statistically significant at P<0.005 while the phenolic content of the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of Vernonia amygdalina were statistically higher than that of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Amongst all the fractions, the methanolic fraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa showed the highest antioxidant activity of 90.57 % at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The activity decreased with an increase in the concentration.The result of the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa and the leaf of Vernonia amygdalina ascertained; the medicinal values of these plants, the folkloric claims and their wide consumption.
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    Phytochemical and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Ethanol Root Bark Extract of Mimosa pigra L. (Fabaceae) in Laboratory Animals
    (Nig. J. Pharm. Res, 2024-06-22) Aiyelero Oyeronke Medinat; Olatunde Kawthar; Salawu Muritala Kayode; Eniayewu Oluwasegun; Ojuade Fatimoh; Akinpelu Lateef Abiola; Mogaji Mohammed
    Background and objectives: Various parts of Mimosa pigra (MPG) are used in traditional medicines to treat convulsive disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant properties of Mimosa pigra ethanol root extract (EREM). Methods: The acute toxicity of the extract was investigated using OECD 423 protocol of 2002. The anticonvulsant properties of EREM at 200,400 and 800 mg/kg were evaluated using Maximal Electroshock Test (MEST) in chicks; strychnine (SCN-) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice. Results: The extract at 400 and 800 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the mean onset of clonic and tonic convulsions in mouse model of SCN-induced seizure. In PTZ-induced seizure, the extract at 400 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean onset of clonic seizure, while at 800 mg/kg, there was significant (p<0.05) prolongation in the mean onset of clonic and tonic seizure compared to control. The extract did not protect the chick against MEST but significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the mean recovery time at the of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. The extract offered 60 and 100% protection at 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively in SCN-induced seizure. Similarly, EREM offered 20 and 40% protection at 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively in PTZ-induced seizure. Diazepam (10 mg/kg), a reference drug significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the onset of clonic-tonic seizure and protected against SCN-, and PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. Conclusion: These findings indicated that EREM may possess anticonvulsant activity in SCN-, and PTZ-induced seizure in mice. Thus, lend scientific credence to the anticonvulsant claim of EREM in ethnomedicine.