Browsing by Author "Salawu, M.K."

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    Alterations in Histological, Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Plasmodium berghei NK-65 Infected balb/mice Treated with Bridelia ferruginea Stem Bark Extract
    (Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 2020) Shittu, O.; Opeyemi, O.A.; Salawu, M.K.; Ashiru, A.A.; Medaiyese, S.A.; Asogwa, N; Sheba, K.F.; Kadir, R.A.; Aremu, I.O.; Ajibaye, O.
    Background: Recent ethnomedicinal studies on Bridelia ferruginea Benth (family Phyllanthaceae) as an antiplasmodial remedy have established its potency as a strong prophylactic and chemosuppressive agent. Human consumption of medicinal herbs without adequate evaluation of its efficacy and safety can result in grave physiological and pathological consequences. Therefore, this study assessed the antiplasmodial bioactivity, biochemical, hematological, histopathological and toxicity profile of the ethanolic stem bark extract of B. ferruginea in mice. Methods: Ethanolic stem bark extract of B. ferruginea (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) were orally administered to Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in models and were subsequently observed for mortality, behavioral changes and signs of toxicity. Acute evaluation was experimented at 1,000 mg/kg for 28 days. Occult blood obtained from the euthanized mice were subjected to biochemical and hematological assays. A comprehensive assessment of the histology of the liver and kidney was also ascertained. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined and extrapolated using the regression equation obtained from the plot of the probits of mortalities (y) and the log of doses (log10C). Results: Different concentrations of the phytochemical secondary metabolites were revealed. Antiplasmodial bioactivity was established at the 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of the herbal extract with a dearth in parasitemia at different days post-treatment. The 800 mg/kg group responded by exhibiting a dose-dependent decrease in parasitemia comparable with the chloroquine bi-phosphate group. Significant alterations in the histology of the liver and kidney of the 1,000 mg/kg group was documented. There was a reduction in the titers of LDH, ALT, AST, and urea in the treated group when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Antioxidant profiles were also highly significant with elevation in SOD, GPx, and CAT, but a reduction in MDA. LD50 was established at 424 mg/kg. Conclusion: B. ferruginea Benth (family Phyllanthaceae) is a potent antiplasmodial, antioxidant, regenerative and ameliorative herbal remedy if administered in controlled dosage.
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    Cytotoxicity and Anti-Proliferative Studies of Crinum jagus L. (Amaryllidaceae) Bulb Extract
    (Bima Journal of Science and Technology (BJST), 2020-07) Salawu, M.K.; Atunwa, S.A.; Eniayewu, O.I.
    Crinum jagus is a flowering plant, commonly called a poison bulb. Traditionally, the bulb extract is used in the treatment of several ailments including cancer. Cancer is a global cause of death characterized by abnormal cell proliferation. This research thus aimed to identify secondary metabolites present in the crude extract of C. jagus and evaluate its cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities using benchtop assays. The whole C. jagus bulb was collected, air-dried under the shade and extracted into distilled methanol. The extract was concentrated in vacuum and subjected to; phytochemical analysis, brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay, Sorghum bicolor radical and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays. Data obtained was analyzed by Graphpad prism version 6.0. The whole bulb on extraction had a percentage yield of 12.15 % w/w. The phytochemical content of the extract includes alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and some glycosides. The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent brine shrimp lethality (LC50 of 65.62±0.74 μg/mL), Sorghum bicolor radical growth inhibition (IC50 = 5.36±3.21μg/mL) and significant Allium cepa root growth inhibition comparative to cyclophosphamide (a standard anticancer drug). The extract was found to be rich in secondary metabolites which elicited significant cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities. This is the first report of antiproliferative activity of C. jagus bulb extract. Hence, this study justifies the traditional use of the bulb in the treatment of cancer. Keywords: Crinum jagus, Brine Shrimps, Sorghum bicolor, Allium cepa, Cytotoxicity, antiproliferative
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    Extractive Values and Diuretic Activity of Methanol Extract of Three Varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) in Wistar Albino Rats
    (Published by the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2018) Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Abdullahi, A.A.; Musa, M.; Lawal, B.A.; Salawu, M.K.; Attah, F.A.U.
    Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) is widely cultivated in Nigeria as food and for medicinal purposes. The calyx is the most frequently used part of the plant and has been reported to have antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic activity. The aim of the present study is to determine the extractive values and diuretic activity of three varieties of H. sabdariffa. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane soluble extractive values were determined. The effect of the extracts of H. sabdariffa on urine output was evaluated and the concentration of sodium and potassium in blood was also determined. The results showed that water extract had the highest extractive value (32.90%, 26.50% and 29.00%) for the three varieties (Dark red, Light red and Green) respectively. H. sabdariffa extract (100 mg/kg G) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in urine output compared to the control. The diuretic activity of extract was comparable with the standard drug Hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg). The other species of H. sabdariffa extract produced no significant increase in urine output. H. sabdariffa extract (200 mg/kg G) showed a significant (p<0.05) natriuretic activity compared to control. There was no significance difference in the serum potassium levels for all the three varieties at the doses employed. The study showed that water is the most suitable solvent for extraction of the calyx of H. sabdariffa and the green variety produced a significant increase in urine output with potassium sparing activity. _____________________________________________________________________