Browsing by Author "Salami, Abdulazeez Femi"
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Item Analysis of Hybrid Stepper Motor Performance under the Influence of Voltage Supply Interference(IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2011-11-06) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Lawal, Wahab Adetunji; Khan, Sheroz; Gunawan, T. S.; Jarot, S. P. W.This work investigates the effects of voltage supply interference on the performance of hybrid stepper motor. MATLAB Simlink is used to model the power supply, sinusoidal interfering signal, stepper motor driver circuit and the hybrid stepper motor. This stepper motor is using a DC Voltage supply of 28 volts and it is a two-phase motor with a step angle of 1.8o. The different simulation scenarios that is explored in this work are for a; noiseless power supply, low frequency-low amplitude noise operating at 50 hertz and 1 volts, low frequency-high amplitude noise operating at 50 hertz and 5 volts, high frequency-low amplitude noise operating at 200 hertz and 1 volts and high frequency-high amplitude noise operating at 200 hertz and 5 volts.Item Blockchain and Internet of Things-Based Technologies for Intelligent Water Management System(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019-02-13) Dogo, Eustace Manayi; Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Nwulu, N. I.; Aigbavboa, C. O.Water is a critical and indispensable resource for the sustainability of life, economic development, and the environment. According to the United Nations (UN) estimates, 70% of the world’s population will live in cities by the year 2025, and the current centralized piped infrastructure relied upon by water utilities will be inadequate. Leveraging on the advancement in emerging blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and sensor technologies offers a means for efficient water management. In this era of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), human creativity will be a critical requirement in this regard. This chapter explores the impact of blockchain and IoT on water management and examines the feasibility of its adoption in multiple case scenarios and instances such as stormwater management, water quality monitoring and reporting directly to consumers and other relevant stakeholders, and smart payment and contract, in order to sustainably deal with the challenges of global water crisis induced by climate change and rapid population growth. This chapter makes special and unique emphasis on the relevance of the research through an African perspective and view. Furthermore, the technical advantages, socioeconomic gains, and technological benefits of synergizing blockchain and IoT such as enhanced security and transparency, reduced operational cost, overall efficiency, and other merits are expatiated.Item Design of a Bimodal Home Automation System using ESP8266 and ATMEGA328 Microcontroller(Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia, 2017-10-31) Zakariyya, Olayinka Sikiru; Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Alabi, O. O.; Usman, A. M.Home automation systems are garnering increasing popularity and widespread use due to the relative ease of domestic management and comparatively high return on technology investment tied to its adoption. However, Nigeria and other emerging ICT economies are yet to fully actualize and maximize the inherent potential of these smart home technologies due to endemic challenges associated with poor infrastructure, erratic power supply and unreliable Internet connectivity. These challenges necessitate an innovative paradigmatic shift that could provide a pragmatic technological solution suitable to the context of Nigeria and other developing climes. For most smart home systems in this research context, the status quo is based on choosing whether the design would be for short- or long-range communication network. Short-range designs which are usually realized with Bluetooth technology suffer from limited range issues while poor connectivity, bandwidth and latency issues are some of the problems plaguing Wi-Fi-based long-range designs. Consequently, this research presents a hybrid adaptive architecture that combines desirable features of both short- and long-range modes. The proposed smart home system is based on using embedded systems which use mobile application to send messages to ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. Together with notifications received from the monitoring unit, these messages are parsed by Arduino's ATMEGA328 microcontroller from where instruction codes are sent for controlling the load by switching ON or OFF various relays connected to the load.Item Dual Band Fractal Antenna Design For Wireless Application(Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia, 2016-10-10) Zakariyya, Olayinka Sikiru; Sadiq, Bashir Olaniyi; Abdulrahman, Olaniyan Adebayo; Salami, Abdulazeez FemiThe objective of this paper was to design and analyse a dual wide band compact antenna for wireless application. Microstrip patch antenna limitation can be overcome by using fractal geometry. The proposed antenna was designed with a radius of 15mm on a FR4 lossy substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and loss factor of 0.025. Measurement result showed that the antenna has a dual band of operation with bandwidth for return loss below -10dB of 1.84GHz (2.2GHz-4.07GHz) and 2GHz (6GHz-8GHz) which can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) and Ultra wide band applications.Item Evaluative Assessment of an X-band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Systems(College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti, Nigeria, 2018-07-09) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Zakariyya, Olayinka Sikiru; Sadiq, Bashir Olaniyi; Abdulrahman, Olaniyan AdebayoMicrostrip patch antennas (MPAs) are rapidly gaining more attention due to the proliferation of communication devices and systems with frequencies becoming more suitable for the size and performance of this type of antenna. Due to recent advancements in semiconductor technology, high dielectric constant materials are used to achieve additional size reduction which has made MPAs very useful and popular in the design of mobile devices and wireless systems. However, MPAs suffer from problems associated with narrow bandwidth and low gain. Techniques employed for improving the performance of MPA hinge on tweaking features such as the patch size, substrate height, ground plane size and feeding method. In view of this, this research designs and analyses the performance of an X-band MPA for wireless systems using CST Microwave Studio. Including the ground plane, the proposed design has a low-profile structure of 17 mm × 17 mm × 1.6 mm which is suitable for wireless systems. The proposed design also resonates at a frequency of 10 GHz with an omnidirectional radiation pattern exhibiting a gain of 7.2 dBi. Return Loss, VSWR, Gain and Radiation Pattern are the performance indicators employed in this research. The proposed MPA design demonstrates marked performance improvement when benchmarked with a similar MPA designed for 5G applications.Item Feasibility Analysis of Clustering Routing Protocols for Multipurpose Sensor Networking(Intelligent Information Technology Application Research Association (IITA Association), 2010-09-29) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Bari, S. M. S.; Anwar, Farhat; Khan, SherozRecent advances in wireless sensor technology have led to the evolvement of new protocols specially designed for wireless sensor networks. Current wireless sensor network routing protocols are based on the assumption that all sensor nodes are monitoring a single global event. However, in many scenarios, it is desirable to use a single sensor network to monitor multiple events. This will not only reduce the cost of deploying and administering the sensor nodes but it will also improve the management and efficiency of the entire sensor network. Cluster-based routing protocols for large-scale wireless sensor networks are more suitable for multipurpose sensor networking scenario because clustering minimizes the number of messages that are propagated throughout the network whenever an event is sensed. In this paper, an investigation of selected clustering routing protocols for wireless sensor networks is presented together with a highlight of their key features and their ability to adapt to multipurpose sensor networking.Item Feasibility Analysis of Critical Factors Affecting Cloud Computing in Nigeria(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES), Indonesia, 2013-08-08) Dogo, Eustace Manayi; Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Salman, S.Cloud computing is an evolving and new way of delivering computing services and resources over the internet which are managed by third parties at remote sites. Currently, Cloud computing is enjoying a lot of buzz in Nigeria due to its perceived economic and operational benefits and stakeholders believe that it will transform the IT industry in Nigeria. Despite all its promises there still exist so many challenges before Cloud computing is fully adopted in the Nigerian ICT sector. This paper delivers an overview of Cloud computing together with its advantages and disadvantages. Thereafter, the challenges affecting the adoption of Cloud computing and drivers of oppoturnities that will favour and nurture the adoption of Cloud computing by organisations in Nigeria are outlined. Finally, recommendations for the adoption of Cloud computing technology by stakeholders in Nigeria are discussed.Item Feasibility Analysis of Integrated Hybrid Systems of Wireless Sensor Networks and Conventional Networks(IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2011-11-06) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Bello-Salau, Habeeb; Hussaini, Mukhtar; Anwar, FarhatServices are the main driving force of the telecommunication industry. The rapid growth of the Internet led to the proliferation of a wide variety of services that allow application users to exchange information in different ways. In order to increase the benefits derived from the Internet (IP) based services, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) was developed to support new value-added services in wireless networks. The objective of the IMS is the seamless integration of wireless communication networks and the Internet. One of the most flexible and suitable network that can potentially integrate with the Internet is Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). WSN is essentially a network of collaborating miniaturized devices known as sensor nodes. The features of WSN are unique and different from other conventional networks. This is because WSN is typically a data-oriented network where sensor nodes are deployed and tasked with the responsibility of sensing a desired geographical area in order to gain useful information about the environment and report to the base station for further processing and analysis by the interested applications. Afterwards, these applications store the processed data for demand-based delivery of enhanced services to the end user such as the provisioning of context-based services to mobile phone users. These applications are customarily located in an area remote to the WSN and the governing network where such applications reside is usually an external network (e.g. IMS). Therefore, the challenge is to smoothly integrate WSN with IMS in order for the sensed data to be easily accessible to IMS applications or services. This chapter explores the major techniques that are employed for the seamless integration of WSN and IMS network. This chapter also provides practical design recommendations for implementing a presence-based WSN-IMS architecture. This proffered architecture will provide a general platform to applications and services that needs to access various types of sensed data from the WSN. This chapter also gives a systematic description of the key procedures for the integration of WSN with other conventional networks and most especially, the important evaluation criteria for assessing the state-of-the-art hybrid systems in this field is provided in this chapter.Item Improved Clustering Routing Protocol for Low-Energy Adaptive Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Network(Faculty of Technology Education, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria, 2018-09-11) Bello-Salau, Habeeb; Onumanyi, Adeiza James; Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Muslim, S.; Audu, W. M.; Abdullahi, U.Advancement in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology and sensor instrumentation has contributed to the development of novel protocols which are designed specifically for WSN, where conservation of energy is of utmost importance. Though, the performance of the clusterbased routing protocols is limited by problems related to determining an accurate and energyefficient radio model for the sensor nodes in the network. A number of radio models have been proposed to improve the performance of WSN clustering routing protocols but the basic assumptions and inaccurate configuration of these radio models make them ineffective and most time lead to poor utilization of the limited energy and computational resources. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing an improved radio model that incorporates specialized data transmission schemes, stepwise energy level and capable of adapting to frequent changes in the position of the motes without hindering the reliability of the data transmission to the sink, despite fluctuations due to signal interference. The proposed radio model was incorporated into the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol and called LEACH-IMP. The proposed LEACH-IMP shows a better performance in terms of the energy consumption, number of packets received, signal interference and network lifetime when compared to LEACH routing protocol.Item Investigative Analysis of Clustering Routing Protocols for Scalable Sensor Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Malaysian Section, 2011-07-05) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Anwar, Farhat; Aibinu, Abiodun Musa; Abdalla, Aisha HassanNew advancements in the technology of wireless sensors have contributed to the development of special protocols which are unique to sensor networks where minimal energy consumption is vital and very important. As a result, the focus and effort of researchers is on designing better routing algorithms for a given application and network architecture of interest. Flat-based routing protocols have been found to be less advantageous to clustering routing protocols when their performance are compared in a large-scale wireless sensor network scenario. This is due to the fact that clustering operation reduces the amount of redundant messages that are transmitted all over the network when an event is detected. This paper is an investigation of cluster-based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks.Item Modified Edge-Fed Sierpinski Carpet Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna(University of Nigeria Press Ltd., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 2016-07-13) Zakariyya, Olayinka Sikiru; Sadiq, Bashir Olaniyi; Abdulrahman, Olaniyan Adebayo; Salami, Abdulazeez FemiThis paper presented a modified edge fed Sierpinski carpet microstrip patch antenna for antenna miniaturization. The proposed design was etched as Sierpinski carpet to lower the antenna resonant frequency, which is used to reduce the conventional patch antenna size. After the Sierpinski carpet second iteration, the proposed antenna was modified by replacing the rectangular slot in the middle of the patch with a circular slot. Simulation results showed that the proposed antenna achieved 46.5% size reduction when compared with the main patch antenna without affecting the resonant frequency and radiation patterns.Item A Novel Biased Energy Distribution (BED) Scheme for Clustering Sensor Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Malaysian Section, 2011-07-05) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Anwar, Farhat; Bello-Salau, Habeeb; Aibinu, Abiodun MusaThis paper presents the impact of utilizing a biased energy distribution (BED) scheme among sensor nodes for clustering sensor networks. In clustering sensor networks, some of the nodes are elected as aggregators and they compress the data from their cluster members before sending the aggregated data to the sink. Existing clustering routing protocols assume that all the nodes are provided with equal amount of energy but this shortens the network lifetime and makes the network unstable once the first node dies. This paper proposes a solution by using a technique that prioritizes the network into higher and lower energy nodes. The aim of this approach is to ensure well balanced energy consumption in order to maximize network lifetime. It is shown by simulation that the proposed technique exhibits better performance when compared to existing clustering routing techniques in terms of throughput, network lifetime and energy consumption.Item A Novel Biased Energy Distribution (BED) Technique for Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks(Massey University, New Zealand, 2011-06-06) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Bello-Salau, Habeeb; Anwar, Farhat; Aibinu, Abiodun MusaThis paper presents the impact of utilizing a biased energy distribution (BED) scheme for clustering sensor networks. In clustering sensor networks, some of the nodes are elected as aggregators and they compress the data from their cluster members before sending the aggregated data to the sink. Existing clustering routing protocols assume that all the nodes are provided with equal amount of energy but this shortens the network lifetime and makes the network unstable. This paper proposes a solution prioritizing the network into higher and lower energy nodes. The aim of this approach is to ensure well balanced energy consumption in order to maximize network lifetime. It is shown by simulation that the proposed technique exhibits better performance when compared to existing clustering routing techniques in terms of throughput, network lifetime and energy consumption.Item On the Accuracy of Edge Detectors in Number Plate Extraction(Vilnius University, Lithuania and University of Latvia, Latvia, 2019-05-22) Sadiq, Bashir Olaniyi; Ochia, E. O.; Zakariyya, Olayinka Sikiru; Salami, Abdulazeez FemiEdge detection as a pre-processing stage is a fundamental and important aspect of the number plate extraction system. This is due to the fact that the identification of a particular vehicle is achievable using the number plate because each number plate is unique to a vehicle. As such, the characters of a number plate system that differ in lines and shapes can be extracted using the principle of edge detection. This paper presents a method of number plate extraction using edge detection technique. Edges in number plates are identified with changes in the intensity of pixel values. Therefore, these edges are identified using a single based pixel or collection of pixel-based approach. The efficiency of these approaches of edge detection algorithms in number plate extraction in both noisy and clean environment are experimented. Experimental results are achieved in MATLAB 2017b using the Pratt Figure of Merit (PFOM) as a performance metric.Item Performance Review of Selected Topology-Aware Routing Strategies for Clustering Sensor Networks(Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019-12-11) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Zakariyya, Olayinka Sikiru; Amuda, S. A. Y.; Sadiq, Bashir Olaniyi; Abdulrahman, Olaniyan AdebayoIn this paper, cluster-based routing (CBR) protocols for addressing issues pertinent to energy consumption, network lifespan, resource allocation and network coverage are reviewed. The paper presents an in-depth performance analysis and critical review of selected CBR algorithms. The study is domain-specific and simulation-based with emphasis on the tripartite trade-off between coverage, connectivity and lifespan. The rigorous statistical analysis of selected CBR schemes was also presented. Network simulation was conducted with Java-based Atarraya discrete-event simulation toolkit while statistical analysis was carried out using MATLAB. It was observed that the Periodic, Event-Driven and Query-Based Routing (PEQ) schemes performs better than Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Threshold-Sensitive Energy-Efficient Sensor Network (TEEN) and Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) in terms of network lifespan, energy consumption and network throughput.Item Piece-wise Linear Analog to Digital (PLADC) Converter Process(IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2011-11-06) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Lawal, Wahab Adetunji; Khan, Sheroz; Zahirul Alam, A. H. M.In today’s automation systems transducers are making core elements in the instruments and the circuits used for measurement, control and industrial applications. The task of a transducer is to reproduce a physical quantity as an electrical signal which with the help of conditioning circuits, is transformed into a form that suits a corresponding ADC requirement before a digital equivalent output of the required physical quantity is produced. In the most ideal cases a digital quantity is a true replica of the physical quantity when the transducer has got a linear response. However, in most of the cases the transducers characteristics are nonlinear, and hence at very points along the whole range of the transducer characteristics, the corresponding digital output is an exact replica of the concerned physical parameter. This work is about how a physical read more accurately in the case of nonlinear sensor characteristics, and then a microcontroller is programmed with the same technique while reading from an input over the entire range. The data of the microcontroller reading shows very closely matched with the actual sensors response. Further, the reading error is considerably reduced to within 10 % of the actual physical which shows the utility of the technique in very sensitive applications.Item Practical Applications and Design Challenges of Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks(IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2011-11-06) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Anwar, Farhat; Bello-Salau, Habeeb; Hussaini, MukhtarAs a result of the technological advancements in information and communication technology, the field of wireless sensor network (WSN) has witnessed rapid progress over the last decade. Customarily, a WSN is made up of a number of wireless networked low-power sensor nodes, each of which is designed with an in-built microprocessor, radio transceiver and limited storage, computational and energy resources. Nowadays, WSN are deployed in environments where conventional wireless networks operate, therefore heterogeneity is becoming an essential factor in WSN design because key design features like processing power, communication ability, sensing techniques, energy resources and computational capability have to be fine-tuned to adapt to conventional wireless network requirements and scenarios. By implementing a heterogeneous network of WSN and conventional wireless networks, the potential and performance of the sensor nodes will be greatly enhanced and most especially, the WSN will have the significant advantage of having a wider coverage area and adaptability for different types of applications. A lot of unique and interesting challenges arise when WSN is incorporated and enhanced with heterogeneity due to the demand to adapt and perform well with a number of other target applications. As a result of the aforementioned challenges, this chapter is motivated by demands from industrialists and researchers to investigate and bring out the feasible applications and design challenges of developing a reliable and energy-efficient wireless heterogeneous sensor network.Item Taking Cloud Computing to the Extreme Edge: A Review of Mist Computing for Smart Cities and Industry 4.0 in Africa(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2018-11-10) Dogo, Eustace Manayi; Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Aigbavboa, C. O.; Nkonyana, T.The advancement and convergence of Internet of Things (IoT), mobile devices technology, big data and cloud computing with its various technological implementations are finally enabling the vision of Smart Cities and Industry 4.0. However, cloud computing concept has been built with the assumptions of good network connectivity, adequate bandwidth and low latency. But with the proliferation of interconnected smart devices and the expected huge amount of traffic and data to be generated, coupled with the stringent and extremely demanding connectivity, high bandwidth and low latency requirements placed on applications and services were embedded in Smart Cities and Industry 4.0 concepts. The traditional cloud-centric architectural arrangement no longer holds due to these cloud architectural model assumptions. Cloud computing is therefore gradually evolving into new complementary concepts as edge and fog computing, and now mist and dew computing. Mist computing addresses these concerns by extending the capabilities and features of cloud and fog computing, with some level of computing intelligence further on the extreme edge of the network closer or on the sensing devices. With the technological revolution currently spreading across Africa, policy makers, academics and businesses in Africa are gradually recognizing the potential opportunities embedded in embracing emerging and future technologies to tackle issues related to urbanization and industrialization as catalyst for sustainable development and growth. This chapter studies the current trend in mist computing and discusses the application and the potential use case scenarios for Smart Cities and Industry 4.0 in the context of Africa. The chapter also explores practical implementation challenges and drivers supporting growth of these emerging cloud technologies in the region. Finally, pertinent technical recommendations were proposed as solution to the challenges identified together with a qualitative analysis of future opportunities of mist computing in the overall vision of Smart African Cities and Industry Africa 4.0.Item Threats to Mobile Phone Users’ Privacy: Who, How and How to Face(Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Canadian Government, Canada, 2009-03-31) Ahmed, M. H.; Penney, J.; Ikki, S.; Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Bath, T. L.; Allah, M. A.; Mansour, S.Item Toward Sustainable Domestication of Smart IoT Mobility Solutions for the Visually Impaired Persons in Africa(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019-07-02) Salami, Abdulazeez Femi; Dogo, Eustace Manayi; Nwulu, N. I.; Paul, B. S.According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, Africa accounts for 10% of the global visually impaired persons (VIPs). This visual impairment burden is exacerbated by the shortage of specialist medical human resources, orientation and mobility specialists, and high cost of assessing primary eye care services. These render the majority of VIPs to rely heavily on human-assisted guides and ineffective navigation aids for their daily routines and movements. A viable technological solution that can fill this void and meet these mobility needs is the Internet of Things (IoT). This chapter provides an assessment of smart IoT mobility solutions pertinent to the African context. Furthermore, the barriers to the realization of technology domestication as well as growth catalysts are examined. Lastly, this chapter proffers technical recommendations for sustainable domestication of smart IoT mobility solutions for VIPs in Africa.