Browsing by Author "Salami, A.W."
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Item Application of Artificial Neural Network Model to the Management of Hydropower Reservoirs along River Niger, Nigeria(Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara – International Journal of Engineering, 2012) Abdulkadir, T.S.; Sule, B.F; Salami, A.W.Item Assessment of Impact of Climate Change on Runoff in the Kainji Lake Basin using Statistical Methods(International Journal of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, 2015-02) Salami, A.W.; Mohammed, A.A.; Adeyemo, J.A; Olanlokun, O.KItem Assessment of Neural Networks Performance in Modeling Rainfall Amounts(Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 2017) Abdulkadir, T.S; Salami, A.W.; Aremu, A.S.; Ayanshola, A.M.; Oyejobi, D.O.Item Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Awun Basin and Its Environs Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques(Nigeria Association of Hydrological Sciences (NAHS), 2017) Ayanshola, A.M.; Jimoh, M.O.; Bilewu, S.O; Kolade, S.A.; Salami, A.W.; Aremu, A.S.An integrated approach using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was adopted to assess the groundwater potential in the Awun basin and its environs in Kwara State, Nigeria. Digitally enhanced colour composites and panchromatic images of Landsat TM were interpreted to produce thematic maps of the study area. Topographic parameters were derived from digital elevation models and used to map landforms. Fracture patterns and spacing were measured in the field in different rock types and compared with lineaments. All thematic layers were integrated and analysed and a groundwater potential map was generated. The spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones showed regional patterns related to lithologies, lineaments, drainage systems and landforms. Results showed that spatial distribution of the most promising sites for groundwater exploration was dependent on the interrelated factors of lithology, topography and geologic structure. The most promising sites were distributed in 56% of the study area. The results demonstrate that the integration of remote sensing, GIS, traditional fieldwork and models provide a useful tool in the assessment and management of water resources and development of groundwater exploration plansItem Development and Assessment of a Quintic Polynomial Model for the Prediction of Maximum Daily Rainfall in Ilorin, Nigeria(46(2); 81-91, Published by Nigerian Society of Engineers Lagos, Nigeria., 2011) Olofintoye, O.O.; Salami, A.W.Item Development of a Java Programming Tool to Predict Meteorological Variables in Ibadan, Nigeria(Published by Department of Civil Engineering University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2009) Olofintoye, O.O.; Salami, A.W.; Jimoh, M.O.Item Domestic Water Consumption Pattern in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria.(International Association for Modelling and Simulation Technique in Enterprise, Lyon, France, 2013) Ayanshola, A.M.; Sule, B.F.; Salami, A.W.; Okeola, O.G.This paper examined the residential water consumption pattern in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The parameters considered were volume of water use, population, numbers of toilets and number of rooms in the houses at household level of residential areas. Analysis was carried out on hourly, daily and weekly bases to obtain the trend of water usage. Daily water use has been modelled in order to establish the structural relationship between the variables and household water demand and to reveal the determinants of the variation of water use. The results showed that the average water consumption rate is 251.47 litre/capita/day, which is much more than the minimum value of 120 litre/capita/day recommended by WHO. The test on model results indicated that number of toilets; number of rooms and household population are significant and are positively related to the average daily water demand.Item ESTIMATING THE POTENTIAL FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING IN ILORIN, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA(Federal University of Akure Journal of Engineering and Engineering Technology, 2024-09-01) Ayanshola, A. M.; Adidu, J.A.,; Iji, J.O.,; Oladimeji, S.B.,; Sule, B.F.,; Salami, A.W.; Bilewu, S.O.Abstract Rainwater harvesting is one of the viable ways of supplementing the surface and underground scarce water resources in areas where existing water supply system is inadequate to meet demand as being one of the potent measures for reducing impact of climate change on water supplies. The aim of this study was to estimate the rainwater harvesting potential of a typical house roof top in Ilorin Township for the purpose of supplementing household water needs. Ilorin has a mean annual rainfall of 1,244 mm which makes rainwater harvesting ideal. Intra annual variability lies between 0.04 and 0.4. Annually 590 m3 of rainwater can be harvested per household. Estimated annual water demand for flushing and laundry were 18, 24.12 m3, respectively. Harvested rainwater in Ilorin can meet household monthly water demand for toilet flushing and laundry except for December. The excess rainwater stored in September and October is enough to supplement the short fall in the dry months provided there is adequate storage. Water savings potential is highest in June and September which is the two-rainfall peak period in Nigeria. Keywords: Water demand, house rooftop, household, rainfall, runoff, rainwaterItem Estimation of Peak flows from Extreme Rainfall: Case Study of Rivers Within Kwara State Drainage Networks in Nigeria(Published by Nigerian Society of Engineers Abuja, Nigeria, 2012) Salami, A.W.; Adeleke, O.O.; Olofintoye, O.O.Item Evaluation of Crop Water Requirements of Maize in Nigeria Using FAO Penman-Monteith Model(Nigerian Journal of Hydrological Science, 2018) Aremu, A.S.; Salami, A.W.; Ayanshola, A.M.; Dauda, K.A.Irrigation practices are best done by estimating the crop water requirement in order to avoid over or under irrigation which may negatively affect crop yields. In this study, weather data spanned (1995-2015) were collected and analysed for eighteen weather stations in Nigeria. The data obtained include minimum and maximum temperature (oC), relative humidity (%), wind speed (km/day), sunshine (hr /day) and radiation (MJ/m2/day). The FAO Penman-Monteith model was used to compute the mean monthly reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The mean monthly ETo estimated for each weather station by FAO Penman-Monteith model were multiplied by the average crop coefficient (Kc) of Maize (0.60) to determine the crop water requirements. The results of the analyses showed that the mean monthly average crop water requirements (ETc) estimated for the six zones are 5.67, 6.95, 4.48, 3.30, 0.94, and 1.99 mm/day. The graphical relationship of mean monthly crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values across the period of record shows that ETc estimates at North-East ranked 2nd with the highest values from 1996 to 2000 and North-West also have the highest values of ETc in 1996, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. The ETc estimates at North-Central ranked 3rd with highest value in 2014 and ETc estimates at South East and South West are in closest agreement followed by South-South ETc estimates which has the lowest ETc value except in 2002 that South-West has the lowest ETc value. Therefore, this study will be useful to the agricultural water management and regional water resources planning.Item Evaluation of Willingness to Pay for Reliable and Sustainable household Water Use in Ilorin, Nigeria(African Journals Online, 2013-11-04) Ayanshola, A.M.; Sule, B.F.; Salami, A.W.This study focused on the evaluation of willingness-to-pay (WTP) for sustainable household water use in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study involved assessment of the existing water supply situation particularly considering water use indicators such as demography, adequacy of existing water supply system and WTP for reliable supply. Field work involved the use of structured questionnaire to obtain data on household water use and WTP for a reliable water supply of the sampled houses consisting three land use patterns. Stata/SE 8.0 and Microsoft EXCEL software were employed to evaluate the variables that affect WTP for improved household water use while ccontingency Valuation Method was adopted to evaluate the WTP for reliable and sustainable service delivery. The findings of the study revealed that: approximately 70 % of total sampled households were connected to municipal supply out of which 13 % indicated satisfaction in terms of sufficiency and 87 % used alternative sources to augment water supply; consumers are willing to pay an average sum of N737.22 per month for improved water supply services and; gender, water quality and household income level have significant impact on WTP at 5% level of significance. There is the need to put in place a framework to enhance improvement of system reliability and sustainability.Item The Factors that Affect the Free Flow Speed on an Arterial in Ilorin, Nigeria(Faculty of Engineering, University Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2016) Yusuf, I.T.; Adeleke, O.O.; Salami, A.W.; Ayanshola, A.M.Generic factors (weather, environment, vehicles, fixed roadway characteristics, pedestrian and traffic streams) singly or jointly influence the free flow speed. This paper, therefore, presents the outcome of the quantitative evaluation of the influence of these factors on the free flow speed on an arterial in a medium-sized urban settlement in Nigeria. Instantaneous speeds of forty test vehicles were observed at lull periods on the 7.1km-Offa Garage-Emir’s Road, Ilorin, with simultaneous collection of data on drivers’ and vehicle ages, passenger occupancy, roadside parked vehicles and businesses. The geometric properties of the arterial were earlier established and segmented to four uniform sections. Result of computations using the category and statistical analysis show that the environment, pedestrian and roadway geometry have negative influences on the free flow speed. This can be confirmed by the poor relationship between free flow speed and these factors, with R2 values of 14.9-55%, and lower average free flow speed of commercial saloon cars on wet pavement than on dry pavement, with 12% percentage reduction. Adoption of design and analysis of traffic stream in Ilorin and other urban settlements in Nigeria is, therefore, recommended.Item The hydraulic design of irrigation channels for Ishapa, Kwara State, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Ajiboye, F.O.; Ayanshola, A.M.; Bilewu, S.O; Adeleke, O.O.; Salami, A.W.The artificial application of water to land to aid crop production has enabled man to increase his ability to produce food and cash crops. All – the – year round crop production is now possible instead of the previous restriction to rain fed agriculture. However, conserving water and delivery it to the fields in an efficient manner has continued to be a challenge. This work seeks to take advantage of a dam being constructed for water supply purposes at Isapa, Kwara State, Nigeria. The reservoir capacity is far too big for the water demand and therefore a large quantity of water will be available as excess. Incidentally, an expanse of fertile land exists in the immediate downstream of the dam which is suitable for irrigation agriculture. A detailed topographical survey was carried out among other studies and a layout was prepared for the delivery of water to the fields by the use of irrigation channels. Channel parameters were established through the use various tested formulas found in literature and from experience. It was also concluded that the reservoir capacity is adequate for both water supply and irrigated farm.Item Investigation of the quality of shallow wells in some selected rural communities, Kwara State(Department of Civil Engineering University of Ilorin, 2004) Anifowose, M.A; Salami, A.W.; Ayanshola, A.M.Item Modeling of Hydropower Reservoir Variables for Energy Generation: Neural Network Approach(2013) 8. Abdulkadir, T.S.; Salami, A.W.; Anwar, A.R.; Kareem, A.G.Item Modelling Global Warming Impact on the Rainfall of some selected Cities in the Niger Delta of Nigeria(Published by Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2011) Salami, A.W.; Olofintoye, O.O.; Sule, B.FItem Modelling of Residential Water Demand at Household Level in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Ayanshola, A.M.; Sule, B.F.; Salami, A.W.Accurate estimation of water use is one of the challenges facing water supply sector in our society. This is due to lack of adequate and reliable supply and demand data. This paper examined and determined water demand at household level in some randomly selected houses within the city of Ilorin. The study evaluated household water consumption with the aid of structured questionnaire to sample people's opinion in the study area. Regression analysis was used to determine the variables that affect household water consumption. Based on the analysis the average daily consumption was found to be 86.22 lie/d. The study also showed that income, education level, and sex have significant effect on water demand in the sampled households.Item An Optimization Model for Sustainable Water Distribution Network Design(Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2013) Ayanshola, A.M.; Sule, B.F.; Salami, A.W.This study presents a method for optimizing the design of a water distribution network using pipe diameter as a decision variable under the required demand loading and hydraulic conditions. Data was collected from field studies and an optimization model was formulated from the obtained information using pipe diameter as decision variable. Hydraulic conditions were simulated with EPANET 2.0 software while the optimization model was solved using LINGO 13.0 software. The result of the study revealed that an increase in minimum pressure will lead to reduction in the required pipe diameter. Also the predominant pipe sizes in the optimum solution of the model were 100 mm and 150 mm. However, at higher values of minimum pressure, pipes of larger diameters were not required to obtain the optimal solution to the water distribution system. The optimization model developed will be very useful for determination of economical pipe sizes in a water supply system for newly planned layout and for evaluating existing distribution system for upgrading and strengtheningItem Prioritization of Adaptation Strategies for Water Supply and Demand under Climate Change and its Variability in Abuja, Nigeria(Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, 2016) Ayanshola, Ayanniyi Mufutau; Jacob, S.O.; Bilewu, S.O; Salami, A.W.; Mokuolu, O.A.Climate change and its impact has become a global and prime event of the 21st century. Its effects on almost all spheres of human existence are worrisome and the low awareness and complete disregard for its causes, impacts and adaptation strategies call for an urgent solution. One of its effects is a sharp variability in available water resources for human use. Created in 1976 and with a current population of over 1.6 million, Abuja, Nigeria’s capital city has a growing water supply deficit; occasioned by several factors including climate change. To mitigate the deficiency occasioned by climate change, this study has considered some adaptation strategies and prioritized them. A survey was conducted with the use of a structured questionnaire and hydro-metrological data was also gathered from various relevant agencies. By applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process as a Multicriteria Decision method in the comparison of suitable adaptation strategies, the manager’s strategy of sourcing for an additional water resources had the highest priority vector of 0.4348 while the professional strategy of raising awareness to enhance consumer behavioural change was next with a vector of 0.3097. These two methods are thus recommended to mitigate against the effect of climate change on the water supply deficit in Abuja, Nigeria. The use of water saving devices ranked lowest and thus should be considered as the least attractive option.Item Probabilistic Analysis of Peak Daily Rainfall for Prediction purposes in Selected Areas of Northern Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2016) Salami, A.W.; Aremu, A.S.; Ayanshola, A.M.; Abdulkadri, T.S.; Garba, M.K.In this study, probability analysis was performed on peak daily rainfall data in order to predict rainfall interval values and to determine the best fit functions in some parts of Nigeria. The selected towns are Kaduna, Kano, Yola, Jos, Damaturu and Maiduguri. The obtained peak daily rainfall values were subjected to Gumbel, Log-Gumbel, Normal, Log-Normal, Pearson and Log-Pearson probability distributions. Mathematical equation for probability distribution functions were established for each town and used to predict peak rainfall. The predicted values were subjected to goodness of fit tests such as Chi-square, Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of Determination and Errors of Estimates to determine how best the fits are. The model that satisfies the tests adequately was selected as the best fit model. The study revealed that the peak rainfall at Kaduna, Jos, Kano, Yola and Damaturu are best fitted by log-Gumbel, while log- Pearson distribution is suitable for predicting peak rainfall in Maiduguri. The result also shows that the occurrences of peak daily rainfall depth of 100 mm and above are rare in the selected areas.