Browsing by Author "Raheem, U. A."
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Item Ambient Air Quality and the Incidence of Selected Diseases: Some Urban Health Observations in Lagos, Nigeria.(Institute for the Study of African Realities (ISAR), Africa International University, Nairobi, Kenya., 2018) Laro, k.; Raheem, U. A.The quality of air is determined by the extent of atmospheric pollution. The USEPA identifies six criteria pollutants namely particulate matter (PM), ground level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and lead exposure as toxic and injurious to human health. Thus, there is a need to examine ambient air quality and incidence of selected diseases in Lagos, Nigeria. The data for the study include a five-year sampling on criteria pollutants and data on selected airborne diseases that were collected for the same period of time. Data analysis adopted the use of multiple regression for examining the relationship between ambient criteria pollutants and the occurrence of diseases. GIS procedure was also employed to produce a map showing the spatial pattern of criteria pollutants. The findings reveal an R 2 of 19.8, 13.9, 8.9, 8.4 and 16.8 percent respectively for asthma, bronchitis, heart failure, lung cancer and tuberculosis. The results show a low level of association and this was attributed to other causal factors responsible for the occurrence of the selected diseases. However, this study provides evidence of an association between outdoor air pollution and increased risk from these diseases. Therefore, the study recommends that governments, and other stakeholders in health sectors should harmonize efforts, resources and ideas towards effective planning, monitoring, policy implementation and provision of facilities that could control and ameliorate the presence of pollutants to which urban residents are exposed thereby reducing the health effects from such exposures.Item Identifying Surrogate Variables in the Occurrence of Dracunciliasis: A Case Study from Oyo State, Nigeria(Department of Geography and Planning, University of Benin, Benin City., 1998) Raheem, U. A.Item Poverty in the Urban Informal Sector of Kwara State, Nigeria(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2015) Ijaiya, G. T.; Bello, R. A.; Arosanyin, G. T.; Oyeyemi, G. M.; Raheem, U. A.; Yakubu, A. T.An empirical analysis of the rate of poverty and the decomposition of poverty status in the urban informal sector of Kwara State was carried out using a set of household data generated by the use of a structured questionnaire. The study used consumption-expenditure per adult equivalent and the P-alpha class poverty measure to determine the rate of poverty. The result of the analysis indicates that the rate of poverty was high with 63 percent of the operators’ consumption-expenditure per adult equivalent falling below the poverty line of N9,837.66 per month. The poverty gap index was 0.43 and the severity of poverty index stood at 0.28. By decomposition, operators in the sector that are male, those not married, those with less than four children, those with tertiary education, those that did not belong to any trade association and those engaged in transport business are poorer in the sector. The consequences include the inability to participate in development decisions that affect their lives and their lack of power and voice to change things in their favour. Sufficient funds by financial institutions and government to help expand their businesses, public investment in infrastructural facilities, especially in electricity supply and self-help/communal assistance and the tenets of social capital were suggested as remedies.