Browsing by Author "Raheem, W.A"
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Item Anthropogenic Activities and their Impacts on Biodiversity Survival in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria(University of Ilorin, Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, 2020-06) Ola, A. B; Adewale, Y.Y; Raheem, W.A; Afonja, A.ABiodiversity plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of man. Therefore, careful use of biodiversity is an essential requirement for sustained global development. However, available data points to a high rate of biodiversity loss especially in developing countries which has been attributed to a combination of human-induced factors, including rising demand for and consumption of natural resources. This paper identifies those human activities that result in irreversible loss of biodiversity using the Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State as an example. A structured questionnaire containing information on the people’s activities influencing biodiversity loss, the effects of biodiversity loss, and socio-economic characteristics among other questions were randomly administered to 250 residents of the Local Government Area. Residents Agreement Index (RAI), descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and, regression analysis were used to explain the causes and effects of biodiversity loss. Ten major activities were identified to be influencing irreversible biodiversity loss. They are, cattle rearing (1.21), logging (0.89), road construction (0.81), culture (0.79) and herb harvesting (0.59), poaching (-0.69), farming (-0.61), Industrial activities (- 1.59), energy generation (-1.32) and settlement development (-0.05). Theeffects of biodiversity loss include poor crop yield (43.2%), soil erosion (31%), a threat of desertification (12%), reduction in the number of wildlife (9.6%), reduction in timber production (4.2%). The results of the regression analysis show that biodiversity loss is a function of the socio- economic characteristics of people. The paper concluded that though the socio-economic development of a society is attached to its biodiversity exploitation, careful, diligent, and sustainable use of these resources is required.Item Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Selected Markets in Ilorin, Nigeria in Planning and Management of Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Nigeria(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, 2020) OLA, A.B; Raheem, W.A; Raheem, W.M; Ibrahim RidwanAchieving healthy urban environment in Nigeria entails effective management of market wastes. This study was undertaken to examine effectiveness of solid waste management in market places in Ilorin, Kwara State. A total of five markets spread among the three Local Government Areas of the city were selected for study. A structured questionnaire, containing information on the nature of wastes generated in the markets, means of storing waste, frequency of waste disposal, perceived efficiency of the Kwara State Waste Management Authority among others was used to obtain information from 194 market traders systematically selected from the five markets. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation) were used in analyzing the data obtained. The study revealed that paper (34.7%) and vegetable (29.8%) constituted the dominant wastes in the markets, plastic basket (45.3%) and paper cartons (30%) were the dominant waste storage containers used by the traders, majority (75.4%) of the traders emptied their wastes into the public stationary containers provided in the markets, Kwara State Waste Management Authority was solely responsible for waste collection in the markets and collection was carried out every couple of days (53.1%) mostly in the evening (49.8%). The performance of the Authority was found to be relatively satisfactory (54.3%). It was established through Pearson correlation analysis that there was significant relationship between traders’ income status and the choice of waste receptacle. The wastes evacuated from the markets are carelessly disposed in the only dumpsite maintained by the Authority. Adopting a more hygienic and environmental friendly waste disposal facilities such as sanitary landfills is recommended.Item Development Drivers of Informal Waste Collection in Ibadan, Nigeria(Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 2020) Ola, A. B; Raheem, W.A; Jimoh, M.Y; Suleiman, A.R; Raheem W.MThis paper examined the factors influencing the emergence and expansion of informal waste collection in waste management sector of Ibadan, Oyo State capital. Snowball sampling technique was used to identify and sample 253 informal waste collectors across the five municipal local government areas in the city. A pretested structure questionnaire was used to obtained information from the sampled informal waste collectors. Data collected were analysed using Relative Importance Index (RII), 8 x 8 correlation matrix and factor analysis. Eight major factors were identified as influencing the emergence and expansion of informal waste collection. RII showed that in ranked order of importance, they are: poverty; unavailability of better job; profitability; demand for waste management services; low start-up capital; ease of entry; pressure from parents and guardians and low-skill requirement. The correlation matrix indicated that all the factors correlated positively with one another. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sample Adequacy (KMO) value of 0.573 and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity of p≤ 0.001 established the adequacy of the variables loaded for the analysis. It is concluded that policies and programmes that will enhance integration of IWCs to municipal waste management scheme of the city and check child labour in the sector will go a long way in making the sector more effective in municipal waste managementItem Effective Management of Storm water in Ibeju–Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, 2020-09) Raheem, W.M; JImoh, M.Y; Ola, A. B; Raheem, W.A; Sulieman, A.R; Ibrahim, MIn recent years, many cities and rural areas are facing frequent waterlogging, run-of pollution, huge loss of resourceful rainwater, damaged ecosystem and many more rain water related problems. In regional perspective, how to construct a sustainable storm water management measures have been presented as an important issue in many cities and urban agglomeration in Nigeria. Ibeju Lekki area is usually faced with the problem of rain water leading to incessant flooding. This study therefore assesses storm water management in Ibeju-Lekki Area, Lagos state. The research employs a random sampling technique in selecting 204 (0.07 ) respondents for questionnaire administration. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed in the analysis of the data. Pearson product moment correlation was used to test the relationship between the gradient analysis and vulnerability to runof of Ibeju-Lekki. Also, the slope analysis of the study area was carried out using slope calculation. Findings revealed that natural green space, public parks and gardens and drainage system were the most available storm water management infrastructure in the area. The result of correlation analysis with r = 0.971 shows a strong positive correlation between gradient and vulnerability to runoff . The study concluded that physical planning policies such as thorough monitoring of building plan before approval and institution of effective development control agencies among others should be put in place to ensure proper management of storm water in Ibeju-Lekki local government area of Lagos state.Item Evaluation of On-Street Parking on Traffic Flow in Ilorin Central Business District, Ilorin, Nigeria.(Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2021) Suleiman, A.R; Raheem, W.M; Ola, A.B; Raheem, W.A; Jimoh, M.Y; Oladimeji, S.BThis Study evaluates on-street parking in Ilorin Central Business District (CBD), Ilorin, Kwara State. It examined the on-street vehicular parking mode and its impact on flow of traffic in the CBD. The study adopted a survey research design using the primary and secondary data sources. A sample frame of 4,543 respondents was determined through parking volumetric count that was conducted between 7: 00am to 7: 00pm. Questionnaire was administered to 354 motorists who parked their vehicles on the street, using accidental sampling techniques to elicit information on parking characteristics. All the six major roadways that criss-crossed the CBD were all selected for the study. Descriptive statistics tools was used to analyse the data while vehicle to capacity ratio was used to evaluate the impact of on-street parking on traffic flow. The study revealed that 57.9% of the respondents’ vehicles were parked on the street for the purpose of business and work. Further finding indicated that 61.4% of the motorists parked on the road curb because of inadequate or lack of off-street parking facilities in the city’s CBD. Traffic flow was stable in the four major roadways selected with the exception of Ibrahim Taiwo Road where traffic flow was not stable and queues developed rapidly as this contributed to traffic congestion along the road corridor. The paper recommends among others the provision of adequate and designated on-street and off-street parking facilities, regulation of parking by introducing park and pay to discourage on-street parking.Item Perspectives of Urban Sprawl: The Conflated Issues and Realities(Community Paricipation Research Group (COPAREG), 2018) Idowu, O.O; Shaibu, S.I; Raheem, W.A; Martins, V.IUrbanization is a continuous, universal and inevitable process of urban development. As observed by different scholars, the rapid urbanization of the world is quite alarming both in the developed and developing countries (Ewing, 1997; Sudhira et. al. 2004; Jat et. al. 2008; Olujimi, 2009). Idowu & Olaniyan (2009) considered the increasing world population and stressed that the phases of urban settlements have changed, because most of the semiurban areas and medium-sized towns have been turned into full urban town. Urban development across the world is translated into stressful urban dynamics, with rapid development of informal households and concentration of poor families at the peri-urban areas. Urban sprawl has no definite universal definition, but contentiously used to describe a wide variety of the undesirable aspects of urban growth, resulting in a poor environment, uncontrolled development and much unplanned suburbanization (Cillier, 2010; Noor & Rosni, 2013). Urban sprawl is a phenomenon widely discussed, but poorly understood, because it means different things to different people. Several studies have labeled urban sprawl as being obviously popular, contentious and surrounded by controversy (Torrens, 2008; Aljoufie et al., 2013; Aguda & Adegboyega, 2013). The major part of this chapter rely on literature; reviewing the conflated issues regarding urban sprawl and its realities across the world. Purposefully, a study on the changes in the built-up area of Minna between 1972 and 2015 was presented to establish the reality of urban sprawl in the town of Minna. This paper stands to educate on the process and product of urbanization and urban growth in Nigeria, particularly in Minna. Also, exhibits the distinct components that often contribute to theoretical confusion and analytical complexity.Item Spatial variation of factors influencing neighbourhood change in the peri-urban areas of Minna, Niger State(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, NIgeria, 2018-04-10) Idowu, O.O; Shaibu, S.I; Bako, A.I; Raheem, W.A; Martins, V.IAs residents location choices are dependent on a wide range of housing and location attributes the research for residential location has been a reoccurring challenge to urban dwellers. This study examined the spatial variation of factors that influence neighbourhood change in fourteen peri- urban neighbourhoods of Minna The data for this study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were generated from the peri- urbab residents through questionnaire administration. The systematic random sampling technique was employed in the selection of 825 respondents. For the secondary data the neighbourhood demarcation map was used to determine variation of factors influencing residents change of neighbourhoods in the peri-urban areas The study revealed that important factors that influence resident decision to change the place where they live and these vary across the entire neighbourhoods. These factors are availability of community facilities (,roads and electricity and water supply) (0.68); security of the neighbourhood (0.67); proximity to place of work (0.65); proximity of the city centre (0.63); shift in rental tenure to home ownership (0.62) low housing rent (0.65) reduction in the value and/or price of land (0.59) and availability of private and or personal means of transportation (0.58). The study concluded that the proximity to places of work and availability of community facilities are two major influences residence mobility in Minna peri-urban neighbourhood The study recommended rehabilitation of dilapidated infrastructures and formation of new ones to ensure sustainable peri-urban development.Item The Dynamics of Land use and Land Cover Change in Non-Costal Town of Giyani, Limpopo, South Africa(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Benue State University, Makurdi, 2021-03) Jimoh M. Yusuf; Ola, A. B; Raheem, W.M; A.R Suleiman; Raheem, W.AAgainst the background of that land is considered not only as an essential means of production but also as a basis of human existence, its availability and accessibility requires adequate research attention. It is on this conviction that this study seeks to model the patterns, rate as well as identify the consequences of land modification in Giyani town of South Africa over the last 30 years in order to provide informed sustainable land use management policies and programmes. The study used a supervised classification method for geospatial analysis of available LandSat imageries for 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017 to analyze the changes in land cover in Giyani using available imageries in Bands. ArcGIS 10.3 software and raster calculator tool to produce change detection maps. Land Consumption Rate and Absorption Coefficient were adopted to respectively measure land consumption by each member of the community and change of urban land consumption. The results were overlaid to obtain a visual representation of the area/extent of changes that occurred over time. The result shows that 781.9ha of vegetation was transformed between 1987 and 2017, this was largely informed by the increased demand for firewood and material for construction, construction of infrastructure, government offices e.t.c. Built-up areas increased in its coverage to about 919.44ha within the three decades (1987-2017). Due to the expansion of the town to the hinterland, bare land was consumed by about 627.87ha within the same period with 0.06 LCR in 2017 and LAC between 2007 and 2017. The paper underscored need for vertical growth (smart-city growth concept), and advocated for promoting tree planting among Giyani residents to prevent wanton land modification.Item The Practice and Challenges of Biomedical Waste Management: A Study of Selected Medical Facilities in Ile-Ife, Osun State(Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2018) Ola, A. B; Bako, A.I; Abdulraheem, M.O; Raheem, W.M; Raheem, W.A; Adewale, Y.YIn pursuing their aims of providing treatment and safeguarding the health of the people against illnesses, health-care services inevitably create waste that is hazardous to health and whose management has remained a great challenge due to its highly toxic contents. This paper examines the practice of biomedical waste management in some medical facilities in Ile-Ife with a view to determining the risks associated with the practice. Four medical facilities with some level of sophistication in waste management were purposively selected for study. The type of waste generated was determined by sorting of waste while hand held scale was used to determine the volume of waste generated. Questionnaire was used to obtain information from the waste management and medical staff of the selected medical facilities. Descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Multinomial logistic regression) were used in analysing the data. The study established that the daily per capita waste generation in the medical facilities was 0.51kg. Scrap (Syringes and absorbent paper) (96.7%), infectious (Excreta and dressing swabs) (72.9%) and pathological wastes (Human tissue and body fluid) (57.0%)were the most generated waste while open dumping and pit burial of waste were widely practiced among the medical facilities. Exposure to harmful chemical and radioactive waste (68.8%)and injuries from sharps (52.3%)pose serious health risks not only to the waste managers but health care workers. The paper holds that solutions to the challenges of biomedical waste management practices lie in strict adherence to the global best practices as recommended by the World Health Organisation.