Browsing by Author "Raheem, U. A."
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Item Ambient Air Quality and the Incidence of Selected Diseases: Some Urban Health Observations in Lagos, Nigeria.(Institute for the Study of African Realities (ISAR), Africa International University, Nairobi, Kenya., 2018) Laro, k.; Raheem, U. A.The quality of air is determined by the extent of atmospheric pollution. The USEPA identifies six criteria pollutants namely particulate matter (PM), ground level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and lead exposure as toxic and injurious to human health. Thus, there is a need to examine ambient air quality and incidence of selected diseases in Lagos, Nigeria. The data for the study include a five-year sampling on criteria pollutants and data on selected airborne diseases that were collected for the same period of time. Data analysis adopted the use of multiple regression for examining the relationship between ambient criteria pollutants and the occurrence of diseases. GIS procedure was also employed to produce a map showing the spatial pattern of criteria pollutants. The findings reveal an R 2 of 19.8, 13.9, 8.9, 8.4 and 16.8 percent respectively for asthma, bronchitis, heart failure, lung cancer and tuberculosis. The results show a low level of association and this was attributed to other causal factors responsible for the occurrence of the selected diseases. However, this study provides evidence of an association between outdoor air pollution and increased risk from these diseases. Therefore, the study recommends that governments, and other stakeholders in health sectors should harmonize efforts, resources and ideas towards effective planning, monitoring, policy implementation and provision of facilities that could control and ameliorate the presence of pollutants to which urban residents are exposed thereby reducing the health effects from such exposures.Item Ambient Particulate and Gaseous Air Pollution Exposure among Secondary School Children in Lagos State, Nigeria(Department of Geography, University of Dar es Salaam,, 2026-04-28) Laro, K.O.; Raheem, U. A.Air pollution remains a major environmental health concern globally, with children being particularly vulnerable due to the ongoing development of their respiratory systems, which typically continues through adolescence. This study analyses exposure to selected air pollutants among school children in Lagos State, Nigeria. A field-based quantitative approach was adopted, involving real-time in-situ air quality measurements conducted across 45 purposively selected secondary schools located in high-traffic, industrial, and residential zones. Measurements were collected during peak school hours using an Aeroqual Series 500 portable monitor (8-hour mean), capturing temporal variations associated with student activity and traffic intensity. Exposure was further quantified using the Total Respiratory Deposition Dose (TRDD) model, which integrates pollutant concentration, inhalation rate, and exposure duration to estimate the actual dose of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system. The results indicated that while gaseous pollutants generally remained within acceptable limits, particulate matter concentrations frequently exceeded recommended thresholds. The findings also revealed that increased physical activity significantly elevates inhalation dose, indicating that children may experience higher internal exposure during routine school activities such as outdoor play. The elevated exposure and dose levels observed suggest increased risk of adverse respiratory effects, particularly in high exposure environments. These findings highlight the importance of addressing micro-environmental pollution within school settings. The recommended practical interventions include improved school siting, vegetation buffers, dust control measures, and regulation of traffic emissions around schools.Item Family Planning Practices and Challenges among Rural Women in Moro, Kwara State(Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2026) Laro, K. O.; Adeniyi, E. E.; Raheem, U. A.; Ogunmuyiwa, N. O.Family planning refers to the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and achieve their desired number of children by spacing and timing their births. This is accomplished through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. This study examines family planning choices among rural residents in selected communities within the Moro Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State. To meet the specific objectives of the study, 400 questionnaires were distributed using a random sampling technique. Data was analyzed using tables, frequency counts, charts, simple percentages, mean scores, and ANOVA. The results of the study revealed that most rural residents are knowledgeable about family planning practices and their benefits. Among the contraceptive options, the barrier method is the most commonly preferred choice among respondents. Additionally, family planning practices are generally supported in the selected communities. The study found that religion does not pose a barrier to practicing family planning, as most rural dwellers reported using contraception during sexual intercourse. Furthermore, the majority of respondents did not perceive that family planning has side effects. It is recommended that women receive adequate education to actively participate in decisions regarding family planning. Additionally, family planning programs should be intensified to involve men and to enhance public awareness of the benefits of contraceptive use, ultimately fostering a positive change in attitudes toward family planning in rural areas.Item Identifying Surrogate Variables in the Occurrence of Dracunciliasis: A Case Study from Oyo State, Nigeria(Department of Geography and Planning, University of Benin, Benin City., 1998) Raheem, U. A.Item Poverty in the Urban Informal Sector of Kwara State, Nigeria(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2015) Ijaiya, G. T.; Bello, R. A.; Arosanyin, G. T.; Oyeyemi, G. M.; Raheem, U. A.; Yakubu, A. T.An empirical analysis of the rate of poverty and the decomposition of poverty status in the urban informal sector of Kwara State was carried out using a set of household data generated by the use of a structured questionnaire. The study used consumption-expenditure per adult equivalent and the P-alpha class poverty measure to determine the rate of poverty. The result of the analysis indicates that the rate of poverty was high with 63 percent of the operators’ consumption-expenditure per adult equivalent falling below the poverty line of N9,837.66 per month. The poverty gap index was 0.43 and the severity of poverty index stood at 0.28. By decomposition, operators in the sector that are male, those not married, those with less than four children, those with tertiary education, those that did not belong to any trade association and those engaged in transport business are poorer in the sector. The consequences include the inability to participate in development decisions that affect their lives and their lack of power and voice to change things in their favour. Sufficient funds by financial institutions and government to help expand their businesses, public investment in infrastructural facilities, especially in electricity supply and self-help/communal assistance and the tenets of social capital were suggested as remedies.