Browsing by Author "Quadri, A.L"

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    Anti-trypanosomal activities and biochemical changes in T. brucei infected wistar rats following oral administration of aqueous stem bark extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus and Zanthoxyllum zanthoxyloides
    (Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin., 2017) Sulaiman, Adenike Faoziyat; Ahmad, Olatunde; Iyiola, O.A; Quadri, A.L; Bello, O. Kabir; Babalola, Seyi Adekunle; Tijani, Yusuf Olatunji; Ilusanmi, Abimbola V.
    The toxicological and anti-trypanosomal potentials of aqueous stem bark extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus and Zanthoxyllum zanthoxyloides in Trypanosoma brucei infected wistar rats were determined. The albino rats (30) were randomly assigned into six (A-F) groups, each of which contains five rats. Groups A (Control) and B (Negative control) received 1 ml of distilled water, groups C and D received 1ml each of the extracts, which is equivalent to 200mg/kg rat body weight of aqueous stem bark extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus and Zanthoxyllum zanthoxyloides respectively while groups E and F received 1ml each of Inositol Hexaphosphate (IP6) and Deferoxamine respectively as standard drugs. Parasite counts were made and recorded daily, the rats were later sacrificed under slight anesthesia, 24 hours after the last treatment (day 12). The blood samples and vital organs were collected and used for the determination of biochemical assays of interest. The level of parasitemia was reduced in the Z. zanthoxyloides treated rats as at day 8 and 9 while there was no decrease in the level of parasitemia in the P. erinaceus group when compared with the control group. In the negative control rats, a progressive increment in the parasitemia level was recorded from the 4th day till the 8th day of infection before their death on the 9th day. Also, there were progressive increment in the parasitemia levels of P. erinaceous and Z. zanthoxyloides treated rats respectively before their death on the 8th day of infection, which is also the 4th day of treatment. A gradual reduction in parasitaemia in rats treated with Z. zanthoxyloides was however initiated before their eventual death on day 10. There was a significant difference in the average body weight, aspartate transaminase (AST), protein and albumin of T. brucei infected rats treated with aqueous stem bark extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus and Zanthoxyllum zanthoxyloides when compared with the controls. The aqueous extract of P. erinaceus stem bark causes significant increase in the weight of liver while no significant difference in the weight of kidney of T. brucei infected rats was recorded with respect to the control. Similarly, there was a significant increase in the liver and heart body weight ratios while there was no significant increase in the kidney body weight ratio as compared with that of the control. Also, the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) in the serum of infected rats administered extracts of the two plants was not altered while it was significantly altered in heart. These results indicate that the two extracts caused mild alterations in the biochemical parameters studied at the studied concentrations (200mg/kg rat body weight). Of the two natural plants used, Z. zanthoxyloides is less toxic and produced the best pharmacological effect as such; it can be used in the management of trypanosomiasis more than P. erinaceus.
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    Chlorpyrifos: Toxicological effects on Clarias gariepinus and its amelioration by Blighia sapida seeds’ extract
    (International Journal of Phytofuels and Allied Sciences., 2016) Sulaiman, F.A; Iyiola, O.A; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Bello, O.K; Muritala, H.F; Ahmed, O; Adisa, M.J; Tejidini, T.T; Badrudeen, O; Efuntoye, A.F
    Chlorpyrifos; CPF (O, O-diethyl O-3, 5, 6–trichloro-2-pyridyphosphorothioate) is commonly used for the control of pests and insects in agricultural fields and surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was carried out to find out the ameliorative potentials of Blighia sapida seeds on Clarias gariepinus exposed to chlorpyrifos. The Acute toxicity assay was to determine the 96 h Lethal Concentration (LC50) values of organophosphate pesticide, which was conducted with definitive test in a semi-static system in the laboratory using the standard methods. Range finding test was carried out prior to determination of the concentrations of the test (chlorpyrifos) solution for definitive test. The experiment was conducted in plastic containers containing 10L of non-chlorinated and aerated water. The acute study; A set of 15 fish specimen were randomly exposed to organophosphate concentrations; 1ml of stock solution was added to B1 and B2, 2ml to C1 and C2, 3ml to D1 and D2, 4ml to E1 and E2 while 5ml was added to F1 and F2. The exposure was for 7 days. For chronic study; one tenth of LC50 (0.12ml/L) = 0.012ml/L was used for Groups B-E while group A is the positive control with 0.00ml/L of Chlorpyrifos (i.e. the group was free of chlorpyrifos), Group B was made the negative control, fishes in this group, which were also exposed to 0.012ml/L chlorpyrifos, were only fed with normal fish feed i.e. no Blighia sapida seeds’ extract was added, to serve as the negative control. The exposure was for 28 days and the fishes in groups C to E were fed with feeds, formulated using Blighia sapida seed. Results obtained from this study revealed that chlorpyrifos caused considerable alterations, i.e. increase in enzymes’ activities (ALT, AST, ALP) as well as alterations in other metabolites (urea, albumin, protein and glucose) in the serum, liver and kidney of all Clarias gariepinus in the negative group which are fishes exposed to the insecticide; chlorpyrifos is suspected to have induced some tissue damages in the C. gariepinus, that may result in enzymes and metabolites leakages into the serum. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract (at 25%, 50% and 75%) reduced some of the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos in C. gariepinus exposed and it was therefore concluded to possess ameliorative effects against animals’ exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticides. Therefore, this chemical should be handled with care as usual and lots of caution must still be taken to prevent or reduce its entrance or leakage into the aquatic environment. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract is therefore recommended for use to ameliorate any possible toxic effects of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure.
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    Laboratory manual for practical Biochemistry
    (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, 2015-07) Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Bewaji, C.O; Balogun, E.A; Malomo, S, O; Oladiji, A.T; Yakubu, M.T; Adebayo, J.O; Arise, R.O; Sulaiman, F.A; Igunnu, A; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.O; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Muritala, H.F; Abubakar, F.A; Modupe Olusegun; Soji-Omoniwa; Bello, O.K; Omar, Sikemi
    PREFACE I am glad to present this edition of Laboratory Manual For Practical Biochemistry on behalf of the academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences,University of llorin,Ilorin, Nigeria. In August 2014, when I assumed the headship of the Department of Biochemistry,the need for increased emphasis on practical aspects of Biochemistry in all areas necessitated the design of Laboratory Manual for undergraduate curriculum. The aim is to produce a 'text guide'that provides students basic appreciation of the underlying principles and practical strategies of the analytical and preparative techniques that are fundamental to the study and understanding of Biochemistry.Adequate attention has been given to those techniques that students often encounter in their practical classes. The content of this text were written in such a way that even the average students can read and understand. Regarding the organization, the book consists of seven(7)sections. Section One deals with Basic Laboratory Ethics,presenting an overview of the departmental policy. laboratory ethies and instructions about results recording and presentation. Section Two is divided into Practicals 1, 2 and 3 covering handling of experimental animals and preparation of solutions with exercises to assess students'understanding. Section Three presents Practical 4 which dwells on amino acids and proteins, highlighting their specific reactions and tests:Practical 5 is on absorption spectra of pure substances.and estimation of urinary creatinine. Practical 6 describes tests for precipitation of proteins by heating,organic acids, mineral acids, ethunol and salts of heavy metals while Practical 7 dwells on isolation, puritication and identification of amino acids and proteins employing puper chromatography,gel filtration chromatogruphy and iscelectric point determination. Section Four is on enzymes and it is divided into Pructicals 8.9.10 and 11 with experiments ranging from pH effects-on enzyme activity to specific reactivity for the recognition of some enzymes.Section Five hus two Practicals (12 and 13) on vitamins. Section Six is divided into Practicals14.15.16.17and 18 covering carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolisi presenting tests for glucose, Inctic acid, pyruvic acid and estimation of RNA while Section Seven is on lipid metabolism and is subsectioned into Pructicals 19.20,21,22. 23 and 24.covering solubility and qualitative tests on lipids. TLC.reactions of bile acids and pigments,determinution of ketone bodies and cholesteroIin serum. On behalf of academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry,I wish to appreciate the support and approval for the publication and production of this text by the Vice-Chancellor,Prof.Abdulganiyu Ambali,OON.The efforts of all academic and technical Staff of the Department of Biochemistry is also acknowledged. Dr. R. O. Arise Ag.Head.Department of Biochemistry. University of llorin.llorin. July.2015 08052261156
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    Toxicological Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles and Colchicine on Biochemical Indices in Albino Wistar Rats
    (Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin, 2017-07-13) SULAIMAN, A. Faoziyat; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Sulaiman, A. Abdulfattah; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Adisa, M.J; Adeyemi, S.B; Adebayo, Maimunat Adetutu; Itadare, Oluwasola Beatrice
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have numerous biomedical uses due to its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity. The present research was carried out with the aim to determine effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) and colchicine on albino wistar rats. The silver nanoparticle was administered at the dosages of 1.11, 1.48, 1.85 and 2.22 mg/kg rat body weight to groups B to E respectively. Group A, which serve as the positive control group was administered with distilled water while group F was treated with a reference drug, called colchicine. The rats were sacrificed under slight anaesthesia twenty-four (24) hours after the last treatment and the effect of the silver nanoparticles and the colchicine on different enzymes and substrates in serum and selected organs were studied. Administration of silver nanoparticle has no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the average body weight, weight of organs and organ-body weight ratios of test rats when compared with the positive control rats. Administration of the silver nanoparticles to the test groups causes a significant alteration (p < 0.05) on the activities of alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline phosphatase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine compared with the positive control group. The results obtained suggested that the effects of silver nanoparticles on hepatocytes at high doses (1.85mg/kg and 2.22mg/kg) led to the disruption and leakage of its enzymes into the blood stream. High concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were found the serum of the rats, indicating liver damage. We therefore recommend that the usage of silver nanoparticles as drug carrier should be at low doses to prevent hepatotoxicity and other related health issues.