Browsing by Author "Popoola, O. T."

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Tomatoes Processed with Locally Fabricated Milling Machine
    (Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, 2026) Popoola, O. T.; Rabiu, O. T.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Sanusi, M.; Ojodu, U. O.; Ambali, F.; Adeniran, M. A.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF BRIQUETTES FUEL PRODUCED FROM ADMIXTURE OF COCONUT COIR AND SAWDUST PARTICLES USING STARCH GEL AS A BINDER
    (Faculty of Engineering andTechnology, University of Ilorin, 2026) Ambali, I.O.; Shuaib-Babata, Y.L.; Busari, Y.O.; Issa, A.M.; Ajao, K.S.; Popoola, O. T.
    Characterization of briquettes produced from admixture of coconut coir and sawdust using cassava starch as a binder was studied in this study. The materials were locally sourced and processed to produce briquette samples of different proportions using appropriate ASTM standards guidelines. The physical parameters (such as moisture content, density, relaxed density and shattered index) were investigated; while the examined combustion properties included: ash content, percentage fixed carbon, percentage volatile matter, and heating value. The results showed the moisture content of the sample to be between 6.87 and 7.77%, with sample A (100cc:0s) and D (60c:40s) having highest and lowest value respectively. The samples’ shattered index ranged between 0.7134 and 0.9962%.Sample A and B exhibited the highest and lowest shattered index value respectively. Sample E (50c:50s)recorded better combustion properties of volatile matter (99.63%), fixed carbon (0.37%), ash content (3.0%), heating value (15.6407kj/g) and high carbon composition (45.57wt.%) when compared with the other samples of varying formulations. However, it is recommended that equal proportion of coconut coir and sawdust mixed is the most suitable formulation for the production of the briquette due to the improved combustion properties, low moisture content, low ash content, high heating value, high volatile matter and moderate fixed carbon.
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    Densification of tropical wood residues for the development of solid fuels
    (Proceedins of International Conference on Sustainability, Energy & Environment-Hawaii 2019, 2019) Rabiu, A. B.; Lasode, O. A.; Popoola, O. T.; Babatunde, O. P.; Ajimotokan, H. A.
    Densification of materials through pelletisation, briquetting and cubing to form strong and durable bonding products with greater structural homogeneity, better handling and durability properties has attracted the attention of researchers in recent past. The present work focused on conversion of residues of some tropical wood species to energy fuel through pelletisation. The woody-biomass species studied were Apa (Afzelia Africana, AA), Iya (Daniella oliveri, DO) and Arira (Detarium microcarpum, DM) which were sourced in Nigeria. The samples were prepared in different sizes of less than 0.50 mm, 0.50 - 1.00 mm and 1.00 - 1.70 mm after drying in a laboratory environment. The different particle sizes were forced into a prepared die using gelatinised starch as binder. Higher heating value (HHV), impact resistance index (IRI) and water resistance test were obtained for all samples with and without binder. The average HHV of pellets produced from DM was found to be 26.53 MJ/kg without binder, which is the highest among the three samples, showing that DM may have higher lignin content. However, pellet samples AA produced with binder has average HHV of 25.41 MJ/kg which is highest among the three samples. Result showed that IRI increases as particle size decreases for pellets produced without binder, while for pellet with binder, IRI increases as the particle size increases. Result of water resistance test showed that the disintegration time increases as particle size decreases. The basic physical properties that enhance handling and transportation operations of wood pellets have been achieved when compared with standard.
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    Development of Abrasive Sandpaper Grains from Agro-Waste Material for Polishing of Wood Surface
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria, 2019-01) Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdulhamid, A. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Popoola, O. T.; Kareem, A. G.; Adeyi, A. M.; Busari, O. Y.; Ambali, I. O.
    In Nigeria, natural and some synthetisynthetic abrasive grains used in manufacturing of sandpaper such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate mineral are scarce and expensive. The aim of this paper focused on development of sandpaper grains from agricultural waste material (Coconut shell) and resin (binder) for smoothening of wood surface. Sieving analysis was conducted in particle sizes of P40 (420 μm) and P60 (250 μm) sandpaper grit size (according to Federation of European Producers of Abrasive standard). The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined and compared with properties of conventional products (P60 and P40 Garnet Paper). Surface finish assessments were carried out with visual inspection on selected wood. The result from elemental composition analysis showed that the produced sample grains contain some hard ceramic materials needed for effective polishing or surface finishing. The physical and mechanical properties of the grains samples were found to have close properties with the standard conventional sand paper. Hardness and compressive strength of Coconut shell (CNS) grains/resin composites samples increased with increase in polyester resin concentration. Samples made from 250 μm sieve size showed better mechanical properties than the corresponding samples from 420 μm sieve size. The wear rate of CNS/resin composites was also found to increase with increase in load (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g) and temperature (50 and 150 oC. Also, result from visual examination shows that the CNS specimens contribute to high material removal but not smoother due to grain sizes considered for this study
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    Effects of Eccentricity of the Ellipse and Type of Fluid flowing on Heat Transfer in Elliptic Pipes
    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos., 2013) Adegun, I.K.; Okoshone, J.O.; Popoola, O. T.
    The paper presents laminar forced convection of pseudo-plastic, Newtonian and dilatants fluids inside elliptic tubes with the intention of eliciting the effects of eccentricity of the geometry and the applicable heat exchanging fluids on flow pattern and heat transfer by the configuration. Power-Law for non-Newtonian fluids in conjunction with continuity, momentum and energy transport equations were adopted for the solution. A thermal boundary condition of uniform wall temperature was considered for the analysis. A computational algorithm was developed from the governing equations using a Finite Difference Method (FDM). A program was written in Quick Basic to generate the results for the influence of the variables considered to be of interest. The results obtained show that pseudo-plastic fluids flowing in elliptic duct transfer more heat and appear to be a better heat exchanging fluid than other fluids. For fluids with flow behavior index n=1/3 , n=1 and n = 3, the mean Nusselt numbers are respectively 4.1734, 3.6906 and 3.2168. These results agree closely with the values obtained by Cotta and Ozisik [Nu =4.1753 for n=1/3 and Nu= 3.4090 for n=3]. It was noted that an eccentricity range of 0.866
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    Electric Energy Supply in Nigeria: Decentralized Energy Approach
    (Taylor and Francis Publication, 2009-12-30) Ajao, K. R.; Ajimotokan, H. A.; Popoola, O. T.; Akande, H. F.
    An analysis of Nigeria’s electricity supply problems and prospects found that the electricity demand in Nigeria far outstrips the supply, which is epileptic in nature. The acute electricity supply hinders the country’s development, notwithstanding the availability of vast natural resources in the country. Nigeria is endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, the significant ones being solar energy, biomass, wind, small and large hydropower with the potential for hydrogen fuel, geothermal and ocean energies. Decentralized energy is the production of electricity at or near the point of use, irrespective of size, fuel or technology. The adoption of renewable energy technologies in a decentralized energy manner, especially for rural communities and in stand-alone applications, will improve electricity supply and enhance the overall economic development.
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    Modelling the Projectile Motion of a Soccer Ball Under Linear Drag
    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, 2009) Lasode, O. A.; Popoola, O. T.; Olaleye, O.
    The paper presents an investigation into the projectile motion of soccer ball. The equation of motion that determines the trajectory motion of the soccer ball was developed. In order to check on the accuracy of the equation for the linear drag force, a perturbation expansion technique was employed to solve the range of soccer ball in motion under specific conditions of initial velocity and launch angle. The perturbation expansion was solved up to the third order and the result obtained from previous research work was verified. Results shows that for a soccer game scenario where a player tries to score a goal from free kick at 20m; if the ball is kicked at 18.86m/s then the most suitable angles scoring a goal are 52o and 55o. This is because the barrier formed by the players will surely be overcome and the ball will reach the goal post regardless of any obstacles. A follow up comparison between linear drag theory and experimental observation on the field of play is also suggested.
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    Optimisation and Performance Evaluation of Brake Pad from Bauhinia Thonningii Pods
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, 2026) Popoola, O. T.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Zakariyya, S. O.; Yessoufou, B. W.; Yusuf, H.; Olayiwola, M.
    The toxicity of asbestos, a traditional friction material in brake pads, has driven the search for sustainable alternatives. This study explores the use of Bauhinia thonningii pods (BTP) as reinforcement in non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake pad composites. The pods were chemically treated with 5% NaOH and H2O2, sieved into three grain sizes, and fabricated via cold pressing and oven curing. Using Design Expert™ software, 23 runs of formulation constituents (Bauhinia, alumina, and calcium carbonate) and 17 runs of process parameters (compaction pressure, time, curing temperature, and duration) were optimized for Physico-mechanical and tribological properties (density, hardness, and coefficient of friction) of BTP brake pads. The properties of the optimised BTP brake pad were evaluated and compared with the commercial brake pad (CBP) AUTO-BOSS D2217. The results revealed that finer BTP grain size and lower pod content improved hardness and density, while higher alumina content enhanced frictional stability. Increased compaction pressure and curing temperature improved hardness and density, whereas extended curing time stabilised the coefficient of friction (COF) and enhanced wear resistance. The optimised BTP brake pad showed higher density, hardness, wear resistance, with lower COF (2.72 g/cm³, 284.86 HV, 10.12 mm/mm³, and 0.437) than CBP (1.52 g/cm³, 206.94 HV, 4.17 mm/mm³, and 0.3535), demonstrating improved mechanical and tribological properties.
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    Optimization of Photovoltaic-Wind Hybrid System for Electrifying University of Ilorin E-Library
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University., 2021) Popoola, O. T.; Rabiu, A.B.; Ibrahim, H.K.; Ajao, K.R.; Bamigboye, J.T.; Idakwoji, I.T.
    The current paper presents the simulation of a PV-Generator-Wind hybrid power system to electrify University of Ilorin E-Library using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) software. Different performance analysis such as optimization and sensitivity is carried out by the software. Environmental and economic analysis is used to discuss the sustainability of the hybrid power system. Results from the analysis revealed that the hybrid system consisting of an 8.33 𝑘𝑊 photovoltaic (PV) panel, 6.5 𝑘𝑊 diesel generator, 6 kW wind turbine, a 6 𝑘𝑊 converter and 10 batteries is the optimal system in terms of Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), Initial Cost and Operating cost The system has NPC, COE. Initial Cost and Operating cost of US$58,404, US$0.358kWh, US$44,876 and US$1,046 respectively which is better than a diesel system which has a Net Present Cost of 𝑈𝑆$ 80,256 and a Cost of Energy of 0.492 𝑈𝑆$/𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟. Results show that the hybrid system emits 2,104.35kg/yr of carbon dioxide (CO2), 5.19kg/yr of carbon monoxide (CO) and 4.23kg/yr of sulphur dioxide (SO2) while the diesel system emits 20,115.90kg/yr of CO2, 49.65kg/yr of CO and 40.40kg/yr of SO2. The emission of the hybrid system is an order of ten lower compared to diesel system indicating a lower greenhouse effect. Sensitivity analysis on diesel price and wind speed shows that with increasing diesel price, the NPC and COE the hybrid system increases whereas with increasing wind speed, 𝑁𝑃𝐶 and 𝐶𝑂𝐸 decreases. These results serve as a reference point for the design and installation of hybrid system for the building.
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    Optimization of Photovoltaic-Wind Hybrid System for Electrifying University of Ilorin E-Library
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, 2021) Popoola, O. T.; Rabiu, A.B.; Ibrahim, H.K.; Ajao, K.R.; Bamigboye, J.T.; Idakwoji, I.T.
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    PID Controller Design for Two Link Flexible Manipulator
    (Faculty of Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, 2015) Mahamood, R. M.; Aweda, J. O.; Ajao, K. R.; Popoola, O. T.; Odusote, J. K.
    Flexible Link Manipulator Systems (FLMs) is more favoured in the industries when compared to the rigid link manipulator, the reason for this include: their light weight, the ease with which they can be manipulated, they consume less energy because of their light weight, and they can be manipulated faster when compared to their rigid counterpart. Despite all these advantages, controlling flexible system can pose a lot of challenges because of the distributed nature of such flexible systems. In this research work, a traditional proportional, integral derivative (PID) control system was designed for two-link flexible manipulator. The two-link robot manipulator was modelled using Lagrange and assumed mode method. The control law was developed and tested in Matlab/Simulink environment. The performance of the designed controllers is evaluated in terms of input tracking capability, energy utilization, and deflection suppression and vibration control. This study shows that a simple traditional PD/PID controller can be effectively designed for two link flexible manipulators for point to point motion control and vibration suppression.
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    Production of Automobile Brake Pads from Palm Kernel Shell, Coconut Shell, Seashell and Cow Bone
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University., 2021) Popoola, O. T.; Rabiu, A.B.; Ibrahim, H.K.; Omoniyi, P.O.; Babatunde, M.A.; Muhammed, N.; Isiaq, F.O.
    The commercial brake pads made from asbestos are found to be carcinogenic hence, researchers and brake pad manufacturers have diverted attention to the use of agricultural wastes to replace asbestos made brake pads. This study investigated the use of palm kernel shell, coconut shell, seashell and cow bone as base material for the development of automobile brake pads. This work focused on combining the aforementioned agricultural wastes with 45% base material, 30% binder, 10% filler, 10% lubricant, and 5% abrasive. The samples were produced using sieve grades of 150 µm particle size and were compressed in a mould at a pressure of 15MN/m2 and a temperature of 195oC. Results were compared with both commercial asbestos-based brake pad and laboratory formulated palm kernel shell-based brake pad. The results showed that sample S3 which is a combination of palm kernel shell, coconut shell and seashell; and sample S5 which is a combination of cow bone, seashell and palm kernel shell are the best substitute to replace the commercially manufactured asbestos brake pad.
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    Production of Automobile Brake Pads from Palm Kernel Shell, Coconut Shell, Seashell and Cow Bone
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, 2021) Popoola, O. T.; Rabiu, A.B.; Ibrahim, H.K.; Omoniyi, P.O.; Babatunde, M.A.; Muhammed, N.; Isiaq, F.O