Browsing by Author "Oyi, Ruqqaya A"
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Item Assessment of physicochemical and elemental quality of water from River Lavun, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria(Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, 2018-09) Aliyu, Abdulmalik; Ibrahim, Yakubu K.E; Oyi, Ruqqaya ABida axis of Niger State, Nigeria depends on River Lavun for its domestic and commercial activities especially for fishing, drinking, washing, transportation, irrigation and waste disposal, with potential impact on physicochemical and elemental qualities of the river water. The physicochemical parameters of the river water, namely: temperature, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, phosphate, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) evaluated were found to be within acceptable limit set by World Health Organization (WHO) and/or Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) while dissolved oxygen (DO) was above the limit. Elemental composition of the river water was also studied using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results of the elemental analysis showed that silver, cobalt, and lead were not detected, while the levels of iron, manganese, nickel, and cadmium, were above acceptable limit of drinking water set by WHO and/or NIS.Item Bacteriological and Elemental Quality of Clarias gariepinus (cat fish) Samples from River Lavun, Bida Niger state, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016) Aliyu, Abdulmalik; Ibrahim, Yakubu K.E; Oyi, Ruqqaya ABackground: River Lavun, located near Bida is a source of domestic water for the populace. Fish from this river is consumed by general populace. Polluted river water contaminates its fish, it is therefore, necessary to evaluate bacteriological and elemental quality of fish from this river which have been reported earlier to be polluted. Objective: To evaluate the bacteriological and elemental quality of fish from River Lavun, with a view of assessing its potential health hazard. Methodology: Three live cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) were obtained from River Lavun monthly for six months for analyses. Using standard methods, microbial load was determined, while susceptibility profiles of the identified isolates was obtained using disc diffusion technique. Elemental contents of the fish were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Heterotrophic plate counts ranged from 1.5±0.3 to 5.4±0.6×105 (cfu/g) while faecal coliform counts ranged between 3.8±1.2 and 6.8±2.4×102 (cfu/g). The Enterobacteriaceae constituted 69.8% of the isolates comprising, mostly Klebsiella spp. (20.8%), Enterobacter spp. (17.0%), Escherichia coli (13.2%), Salmonella spp. (9.4%) and Serratia spp. (5.7%). Staphylococcus spp. constituted as much as 30.2%. A high proportion of these organisms were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime. However, Staphylococcus spp. were generally susceptible to the test antibiotics. A high number of isolates (67.9%) were multi-drug resistance. Three elements: Iron, Zinc and Nickel were above permissible limit in fish prescribed by FAO/WHO. Conclusion: Fish from this river is polluted with some pathogenic bacteria and contains some elements that could be hazardous on consumption.Item Bacteriological Assessment of River Lavun, Bida Niger State, Nigeria(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development & Practice, 2016) Aliyu, Abdulmalik; Ibrahim, Yakubu K.E; Oyi, Ruqqaya AThe bacteriological quality of water from River Lavun (lower part of River Kaduna), used by the populace of Bida and environ for domestic activities, irrigation and source of aquatic food was investigated. Water samples were collected from three different points along the river for six months. Using standard methods, heterotrophic plate count (HPC), faecal coliform count (FCC) and faecal streptococci counts (FSC) were determined while identification of specific contaminant were done using rapid test kits. Heterotrophic counts ranged from 1.7 ×104 to 8.9 ×104 (cfu/ml). Faecal coliform counts ranged from 2.4 ×102 to 6.8 ×103 (cfu/ml) with relatively lower faecal streptococci counts (8.6 ×10 to 3.4 ×102 cfu/ml). These counts varied depending on the period, with highest values at the peak of rainy season (September). Forty seven (47) isolates belonging to fifteen bacterial species were identified in the water. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae (91.5%) constituted major contaminants population with Klebsiella spp. (46.5%), Enterobacter spp (18.6%), E. coli (11.6%), Citrobacter spp. (9.3%), Salmonella spp., Serratia spp. (4.7% each), Shigella spp. (2.3%), and Yersinia spp. (2.3%). Staphylococci species constituted (8.5%) only. Antibiogram carried out using disc diffusion technique showed multiple antibiotic resistances among the Enterobacteriaceae of bacterial contaminants but were however susceptible to ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. Staphylococci spp. were generally susceptible to virtually all the antibiotics tested.