Browsing by Author "Oyeyiola, Ganiyu Pacy"
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Item Effects of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on the Biomass of Molecularly Identified Fungi Associated with Fruit Rot of Tomato(Journal of the University of Ruhuna, 2022-07-01) Garuba, Taofeeq; Mustapha, Oba Toyin; Oyeyiola, Ganiyu PacyTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is an important component of the diet but pathogens are a threat to its availability. The purpose of this research work was to identify fungi associated with tomato fruit rot and study their biomass in different carbon and nitrogen sources. Four varieties of tomato were employed in this study: two local varieties (Hausa and Yoruba land races) and two improved varieties (Tropimech and Roma VF). Freshly harvested tomato fruits were collected and stored at room temperature until rot sets in. Fungi were isolated from rotted fruits using Potato Dextrose Agar. The isolated fungi were identified using macromorphological and micromorphological features. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of fungi were amplified and sequenced. Pathogenicity tests and physiological studies were conducted using fructose, sucrose, and starch as carbon sources and calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and urea as nitrogen sources. The biomass of the isolates was assessed in response to carbon and nitrogen sources. Aspergillus japonicus, Rhizopus oryzae, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from all the varieties. The isolates were differently pathogenic and local tomato varieties were more susceptible to the tested fungi than improved varieties. Comparatively, the fastest mycelial growth was observed in R. oryzae (8.30cm) in the PDA medium at Day 7, followed by A. japonicus (6.60cm). The two Fusarium species grew slower. Biomass of the fungi revealed that fungi showed differential abilities in utilizing different carbon and nitrogen sources.Item Microbial Deterioration of Tomato Fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum) Sold in Three Popular Markets in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(Fountain University, Osogbo., 2015) Agbabiaka, Toyin Olayemi; Saliu, Bolanle Kudirat; Sule, Ismail O.; Oyeyiola, Ganiyu Pacy; Odedina, G.F.The economic loss as a result of spoilage and proliferation of microorganisms on tomato fruits with the possible health risks were the justification for this study. One hundred and fifty tomato fruit samples in different stages of spoilage from three different markets in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria were collected within five weeks and the effect of moisture content on each sample and resulting microflora examined. The pH of the samples ranged from 4.90 - 5.40, while the moisture content ranged from 89.10% - 90.70%. The bacteria counts ranged from 4.00 x 106 - 7.50 x 106 cfu/ml, while the fungal counts ranged from 1.60 x 106 - 3.50 x 106 cfu/ml. A total number of sixteen bacteria and eleven fungi including yeasts were associated with the samples. The bacterial isolates included Aeromonas veronii, Bacillus sp., Neisseria sp., Corynebacterium renale, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Micrococcus varians, Moraxella sp., Bacillus polymyxa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus megaterium, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Vibrio sp., Proteus mirabilis, Corynebacterium xerosis, and Bacillus brevis while the fungal isolates included Alternaria sp., Botrytis sp., Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida tropicalis, Chrysosporium tropicum, Curvularia sp., Doratomyces microsporus, Geotrichum candidum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The high moisture content of the tomato samples provides an enabling environment for proliferation of the microbial load and hence its spoilage and potential to become health risk to human beings.