Browsing by Author "Oyegoke, R.A"
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Item Chemical characterization, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-toxoplasma gondii and antimicrobial potential of the Citrus sinensis seed oil for sustainable cosmeceutical production.(Heliyon Elsevier, 2020) Atolani, O; Adamu, N; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Areh, E.T; Tarigha, D.E; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.AThere are growing concerns about the chronic and acute effects of synthetic additives such as antibacterial, fragrances, colourants and stabilizing agents used in the production of various household products. Many household products and materials including cosmetic products are reportedly suspected to be carcinogenic with some acting as endocrine disruptors among other effects. Thus, environmental-friendly alternatives such as products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals are becoming consumers' preferred choice especially in the beauty and cosmetic sector. ‘Green’ preparation of medicinal soaps devoid of any synthetic additives was made from underutilized tropical seed of Citrus sinensis seed oil and some natural additives comprising of natural honey, Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract, Moringa oleifera seed oil and coconut oil. Precisely, the seed oil of the underexplored C. sinensis was obtained via soxhlet extraction and saponified with natural lye solution at different ratios to produce soaps of varying characteristics. The incorporation of honey and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract provided additional antimicrobial, antioxidant and fragrance properties. Physico-chemical parameters of the oil and soaps were determined following standard procedures while the fatty acid profile of the trans-esterified oil was determined using GC–MS. The antimicrobial potential of the oil and soaps were assessed using agar diffusion method at concentrations 200 mg/mL and below. Linoleic acid (36%) and oleic acid (27%) were the most prominent in C. sinensis seed oil. The soap had antimicrobial potential comparable to commercial product. The soap samples recorded highest anti-bacteria activities (22.0 1.0–23.0 1.0) against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and notable anti-fungi activities (18.0 1.0) against Penicillium notatum and Candida albicans. Additionally, the oil showed moderate anti-parasite (anit-toxoplasma gondii) activity (EC50 500 μg/mL) but with improved selectivity that precludes oxidative stress while the prepared medicinal soaps exhibited remarkable antioxidant property. The utilization of these locally sourced resources will prevent the daily introduction of synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant chemicals into the environment. The initiative avail a sustainable production of environmentally-benign cosmetic products besides conversion of waste to wealth agrees which aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Item Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-lipooxygenase, antimicrobial, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity of Polyalthia longifolia seed oil.(Medicinal Chemistry Research Springer nature, 2019) Atolani, O; Areh, E.T; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Tarigha, D.E; Adamu, N; Adeyemi, O.S; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.AThis work investigates the chemical compositions of Polyalthia longifolia Thw. seed oil with the associated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity potentials. The oil of P. longifolia seed obtained by soxhlet extraction was trans-esterified and the fatty acid profile characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungi properties of the oil were determine on clinical isolates of the organisms using agar diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activities, cytotoxicity and anti-parasite potential were evaluated using lipooxygenase, mammalian cell and Toxoplasma gondii assays respectively. P. longifolia seed was observed to contain oleic (30.31%), linoleic acid (19.27%) and palmitic acid (15.11%) as the major fatty acids with low proportion of tricosylic acid (6.10) and stearic acid (5.56%). The oil had significant anti-lipooxygenase activity (IC50 = 0.70 ± 0.02 µg/mL) comparable to indomethacin (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.07 µg/mL). The DPPH (IC50 = 55.91 ± 31.18 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 16.89 ± 15.50 µg/mL) antioxidant activity of the oil was lower to the ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.04 and 0.54 ± 0.04 µg/mL). The oil also showed activities against all the tested bacteria and fungi. The highest inhibition was recorded against S. aureus (17 ± 1 mm) at concentration 200 mg/mL. Further, the oils showed strong potential to restrict growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro, but the parasite growth inhibition was mildly abated in the presence of α- tocopherol. The seed oil of the underutilized P. longifolia possesses essential fatty acids which could be responsible for the numerous biological potentials which include anti-lipooxygenase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The incorporation of the natural oil into pharmaceuticals or cosmetics may enhance antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential of such products.Item Chlorpyrifos: Toxicological effects on Clarias gariepinus and its amelioration by Blighia sapida seeds’ extract(International Journal of Phytofuels and Allied Sciences., 2016) Sulaiman, F.A; Iyiola, O.A; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Bello, O.K; Muritala, H.F; Ahmed, O; Adisa, M.J; Tejidini, T.T; Badrudeen, O; Efuntoye, A.FChlorpyrifos; CPF (O, O-diethyl O-3, 5, 6–trichloro-2-pyridyphosphorothioate) is commonly used for the control of pests and insects in agricultural fields and surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was carried out to find out the ameliorative potentials of Blighia sapida seeds on Clarias gariepinus exposed to chlorpyrifos. The Acute toxicity assay was to determine the 96 h Lethal Concentration (LC50) values of organophosphate pesticide, which was conducted with definitive test in a semi-static system in the laboratory using the standard methods. Range finding test was carried out prior to determination of the concentrations of the test (chlorpyrifos) solution for definitive test. The experiment was conducted in plastic containers containing 10L of non-chlorinated and aerated water. The acute study; A set of 15 fish specimen were randomly exposed to organophosphate concentrations; 1ml of stock solution was added to B1 and B2, 2ml to C1 and C2, 3ml to D1 and D2, 4ml to E1 and E2 while 5ml was added to F1 and F2. The exposure was for 7 days. For chronic study; one tenth of LC50 (0.12ml/L) = 0.012ml/L was used for Groups B-E while group A is the positive control with 0.00ml/L of Chlorpyrifos (i.e. the group was free of chlorpyrifos), Group B was made the negative control, fishes in this group, which were also exposed to 0.012ml/L chlorpyrifos, were only fed with normal fish feed i.e. no Blighia sapida seeds’ extract was added, to serve as the negative control. The exposure was for 28 days and the fishes in groups C to E were fed with feeds, formulated using Blighia sapida seed. Results obtained from this study revealed that chlorpyrifos caused considerable alterations, i.e. increase in enzymes’ activities (ALT, AST, ALP) as well as alterations in other metabolites (urea, albumin, protein and glucose) in the serum, liver and kidney of all Clarias gariepinus in the negative group which are fishes exposed to the insecticide; chlorpyrifos is suspected to have induced some tissue damages in the C. gariepinus, that may result in enzymes and metabolites leakages into the serum. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract (at 25%, 50% and 75%) reduced some of the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos in C. gariepinus exposed and it was therefore concluded to possess ameliorative effects against animals’ exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticides. Therefore, this chemical should be handled with care as usual and lots of caution must still be taken to prevent or reduce its entrance or leakage into the aquatic environment. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract is therefore recommended for use to ameliorate any possible toxic effects of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure.Item Comparative Toxicological study and anti-trypanosomal potentials of aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava leaf and Moringa oleifera stem bark in Trypanosoma brucei-infected wistar rats(Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin., 2017) Sulaiman, Adenike Faoziyat; Olatunde, Ahmad; Iyiola, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Bello, O. Kabir; Onajobi, T. Esther; Olaniya, D. David; Dosumu, Kehinde; Akinyele, TundeAfrican Trypanosomiasis is one of the diseases threatening more than sixty million lives on daily basis. In the search for potential new drugs, the trypanocidal activity of the aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava leaf and Moringa oleifera stem barks were investigated in Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats. The albino rats (18) were randomly assigned into five (A-F) groups, each of which contains three rats. Group A (Positive control-not infected), B (Negative control-infected) groups C and D received Iml each of the extracts, which is equivalent to 200mg/kg body weight of aqueous extracts of P. guajava leaf and M. oleifera stem bark respectively while groups E and F received 1ml each of Inositol Hexaphosphate (IP6) and Deferoxamine respectively as standard drugs. The administration of the two extracts caused a significant alteration in the average body weight, percentage liver and kidney body weight ratios, AST, albumin and urea concentrations in the serum of T. brucei-infected rats when compared with the control rats. Moreover, the two extracts cause no significant alteration in the kidney weight, while no significant difference was recorded for ALP and ALT activities in the kidney, serum and heart of the groups. The aqueous extract of P. guajava leaf reduced the level of parasitemia with extension in lifespan, comparable to that of Deferoxamine and Inositol hexaphosphate while the aqueous stem bark extract of M. oleifera could not. This shows that the P. guajava leaf extract has anti-trypanosomal activity. Furthermore, both aqueous extracts of P. guajava leaf and M. oleifera stem bark causes mild changes in the biochemical parameters at the studied dosage (200mg/kg rat body weight). Of the two natural plants used, P. guajava leaf is less toxic and produced the best pharmacological effect as such; it can be used in the management of trypanosomiasis more than M. oleifera.Item Laboratory manual for practical Biochemistry(Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, 2015-07) Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Bewaji, C.O; Balogun, E.A; Malomo, S, O; Oladiji, A.T; Yakubu, M.T; Adebayo, J.O; Arise, R.O; Sulaiman, F.A; Igunnu, A; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.O; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Muritala, H.F; Abubakar, F.A; Modupe Olusegun; Soji-Omoniwa; Bello, O.K; Omar, SikemiPREFACE I am glad to present this edition of Laboratory Manual For Practical Biochemistry on behalf of the academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences,University of llorin,Ilorin, Nigeria. In August 2014, when I assumed the headship of the Department of Biochemistry,the need for increased emphasis on practical aspects of Biochemistry in all areas necessitated the design of Laboratory Manual for undergraduate curriculum. The aim is to produce a 'text guide'that provides students basic appreciation of the underlying principles and practical strategies of the analytical and preparative techniques that are fundamental to the study and understanding of Biochemistry.Adequate attention has been given to those techniques that students often encounter in their practical classes. The content of this text were written in such a way that even the average students can read and understand. Regarding the organization, the book consists of seven(7)sections. Section One deals with Basic Laboratory Ethics,presenting an overview of the departmental policy. laboratory ethies and instructions about results recording and presentation. Section Two is divided into Practicals 1, 2 and 3 covering handling of experimental animals and preparation of solutions with exercises to assess students'understanding. Section Three presents Practical 4 which dwells on amino acids and proteins, highlighting their specific reactions and tests:Practical 5 is on absorption spectra of pure substances.and estimation of urinary creatinine. Practical 6 describes tests for precipitation of proteins by heating,organic acids, mineral acids, ethunol and salts of heavy metals while Practical 7 dwells on isolation, puritication and identification of amino acids and proteins employing puper chromatography,gel filtration chromatogruphy and iscelectric point determination. Section Four is on enzymes and it is divided into Pructicals 8.9.10 and 11 with experiments ranging from pH effects-on enzyme activity to specific reactivity for the recognition of some enzymes.Section Five hus two Practicals (12 and 13) on vitamins. Section Six is divided into Practicals14.15.16.17and 18 covering carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolisi presenting tests for glucose, Inctic acid, pyruvic acid and estimation of RNA while Section Seven is on lipid metabolism and is subsectioned into Pructicals 19.20,21,22. 23 and 24.covering solubility and qualitative tests on lipids. TLC.reactions of bile acids and pigments,determinution of ketone bodies and cholesteroIin serum. On behalf of academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry,I wish to appreciate the support and approval for the publication and production of this text by the Vice-Chancellor,Prof.Abdulganiyu Ambali,OON.The efforts of all academic and technical Staff of the Department of Biochemistry is also acknowledged. Dr. R. O. Arise Ag.Head.Department of Biochemistry. University of llorin.llorin. July.2015 08052261156Item Toxicological Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles and Colchicine on Biochemical Indices in Albino Wistar Rats(Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin, 2017-07-13) SULAIMAN, A. Faoziyat; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Sulaiman, A. Abdulfattah; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Adisa, M.J; Adeyemi, S.B; Adebayo, Maimunat Adetutu; Itadare, Oluwasola BeatriceSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have numerous biomedical uses due to its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity. The present research was carried out with the aim to determine effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) and colchicine on albino wistar rats. The silver nanoparticle was administered at the dosages of 1.11, 1.48, 1.85 and 2.22 mg/kg rat body weight to groups B to E respectively. Group A, which serve as the positive control group was administered with distilled water while group F was treated with a reference drug, called colchicine. The rats were sacrificed under slight anaesthesia twenty-four (24) hours after the last treatment and the effect of the silver nanoparticles and the colchicine on different enzymes and substrates in serum and selected organs were studied. Administration of silver nanoparticle has no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the average body weight, weight of organs and organ-body weight ratios of test rats when compared with the positive control rats. Administration of the silver nanoparticles to the test groups causes a significant alteration (p < 0.05) on the activities of alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline phosphatase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine compared with the positive control group. The results obtained suggested that the effects of silver nanoparticles on hepatocytes at high doses (1.85mg/kg and 2.22mg/kg) led to the disruption and leakage of its enzymes into the blood stream. High concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were found the serum of the rats, indicating liver damage. We therefore recommend that the usage of silver nanoparticles as drug carrier should be at low doses to prevent hepatotoxicity and other related health issues.