Browsing by Author "Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya"
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Item Ameliorative effects of Moringa on cuprizone-induced memory decline in rat model of multiple sclerosis.(Anatomy and Cell Biology,, 2018) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Gbadamosi, IT; Afolabi, TT; Abdulwahab, AB; Akinlolu, AACuprizone is a neurotoxin with copper-chelating ability used in animal model of multiple sclerosis in which oxidative stress has been documented as one of the cascade in the pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera is a phytomedicinal plant with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative capability of M. oleifera in cuprizone-induced behavioral and histopathological alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of Wistar rats. Four groups of rats were treated with normal saline, cuprizone, M. oleifera and a combination of M. oleifera and cuprizone, for five weeks. The rats were subjected to Morris water maze and Y-maze to assess long and short-term memory respectively. The animals were sacrificed, and brain tissues were removed for histochemical and enzyme lysate immunosorbent assay for catalase, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide. Cuprizone significantly induced oxidative and nitrosative stress coupled with memory decline and cortico-hippocampal neuronal deficits; however, administration of M. oleifera significantly reversed the neuropathological deficits induced by cuprizone.Item Beneficial effects of low dose Musa paradisiaca on the semen quality of male Wistar rats.(Nigerian Medical Journal, 2013) Alabi, AS; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Enaibe, BU; Akinola, OB; Tagoe, CNBBackground: This study aimed at determining the effects of administration of mature green fruits of Musa paradisiaca on the semen quality of adult male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The animals used for the study were grouped into three: the control group, given 2 ml of double distilled water, a low dose group given 500 mg/kg/day and a high dose group given 1000 mg/kg/day of the plantain fruits, which was made into flour, and dissolved in 2 ml of double distilled water for easy oral administration. Results: Significant increment in the semen parameters was noticed in animals that received a lower dose of the plantain flour, but those animals who received the high dose had marked and very significant reduction in sperm cell concentration and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa. Conclusion: Musa paradisiaca should be consumed in moderate quantities in order to derive its beneficial effects of enhancing male reproductive functions.Item Cigarette Smoke alters Testicular and Epididymal Histology in Adult Wistar Rats.(Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy,, 2017) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Hambolu, O Zoe; Alabi, Ade StephenBackground: Cigarette smoking is a major public health problem. Different disease conditions have been linked to smoking as a risk factor, including infertility, with most studies focusing on semen quality. Aim: The current study aimed at determining the effects of cigarette smoking on the histology of both the testes and epididymis in animal models. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were grouped into four groups: Control Group A and 3 treated Groups B, C, and D, exposed to 1, 2, and 3 sticks of cigarette, respectively. Smoking chambers, made of cylindrical containers, were constructed indigenously and used for the exposure procedure. Each stick was suspended within the chamber and allowed to completely burn for about 10 min. Cigarette exposure was carried out for 28 consecutive days. Both the testes and caudal epididymis were examined histologically. Results: There was distortion of the testicular and epididymal architecture and varying degrees of structural degeneration, especially in the group exposed to the highest concentration of cigarette smoke; spermatogenic cells appeared to decrease in population and there was a reduction in the density of mature spermatozoa in the lumen of the epididymis and seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: The architectural changes in the testes and epididymis explain the reasons for low or poor semen quality in subjects exposed to cigarette smoke, and possible impaired reproduction.Item Cytotoxic potentials of thiocyanate administration on the liver of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)(Anatomy Journal of Africa,, 2016) Alabi, AS; Nurudeen, MN; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Oyewopo, AO; Olawepo, A; Ajao, MSThe use of thiocyanate as an anti-sickling drug is currently on the increase among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. The continuous use of this substance without sufficient toxicity data does not guaranty continuously functional and healthy internal organs among the SCD patients that are susceptible to multi-organ failure such as hepatic failure. Hence this study was performed to elucidate the consequence(s)of thiocyanate administration on the liver of adult male wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats with an average weight of 234.5g were used. The rats were grouped into four (A, B, C & D) with five animals in each group. Group A represented the control and was given only 1ml of distilled water daily while B,C,&D received 1ml of thiocyanate solution at doses of 10mg/Kg/day, 20mg/Kg/day, & 30mg/Kg/day for twenty-eight (28) days. The administration was carefully done with the use of an oral cannula. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed via cervical dislocation. The rats were dissected and blood samples were immediately collected from the apex of the heart for the analysis of serum total bilirubin. A fraction of the liver was cut to prepare homogenates for biochemical enzymes (alanine aminotransferase-ALT, aspartate aminotransferase-AST) analysis. Thereafter the animals were wholly perfused with normal saline and then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The fixed liver tissues were then taken for histological assessments. The slide sections (H&E and PAS stains) in the treated groups showed varying degrees (mild to severe disruption of hepatocellular morphology plus prominence and widening of sinusoids) of thiocyanate-induced liver damage. But hepatocellular appearance was normal in the control group. Biochemical assays of serum total bilirubin and tissue AST increased fairly with increasing dose although this was not significant. The increase in tissue level of ALT in group B was also not significant with respect to the control. But increase in ALT level was found to be significant in groups C&D when compared with the control. Therefore, this study can be used to infer that SCN use in sickle cell disease management regimen can cause hepatocellular damage in wistar rats.Item Developmental changes in frontocortical morphology and neurochemistry of neonatal rats following gestational nicotine exposure.(Anatomy Journal of Africa,, 2017) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Alabi, AS; Akinola, OB; Enaibe, BUExposure of the embryo or foetus to nicotine during development results in some forms of neurological deficits later in life. The current study aimed at determining the effects of prenatal nicotine administration during the 1st and 2nd gestational weeks on the frontal cortex of neonatal Wistar rats. For each week of gestation, pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups: a control group (1), and two treated groups (2 and 3), and were given intra-peritoneal nicotine at 6.88 mg/ kg and 13.76 mg/kg doses respectively. The weights of the litters were taken at birth and at postnatal day 4; the whole brain and frontal cortical weights were also assessed. Tissues for histological demonstration were fixed in freshly prepared formol calcium, while specimen for biochemical studies were homogenised and processed for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities. Findings in the treated animals showed low birth weights, raised ALP but reduced MDA, with corresponding alterations in the cortical cytoarchitecture, which could explain some of the pathological basis for the neurobehavioural problems associated with offspring of women smokers.Item Diabetes-Induced prefrontal Nissl substance deficit and the effects of Neem-bitter leaf extract treatment.(International Journal of Morphology,, 2011) Akinola, OB; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Dosumu, OO; Akinola, OS; Olotufore, FCognitive dysfunction is reportedly associated with poorly-managed diabetes mellitus. In this study, we report the effect of oral treatment with combined leaf extract (CLE) of neem and bitter leaf on the prefrontal cortex of diabetic Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomized to one of the following groups: control, diabetic (STZ-induced), STZ + CLE, STZ + metformin and CLE only. At euthanasia, paraffin sections of the prefrontal cortex were stained with cresyl fast violet; while malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assayed in prefrontal homogenates. Oral CLE produced normoglycemia in the treated hyperglycaemic rats. Besides, Nissl-stained prefrontal sections showed no morphologic deficits in all the groups except the untreated diabetic rats. In the latter, there was weak Nissl staining, while prefrontal MDA was significantly high at euthanasia, compared with the control and CLE-treated rats (P<0.05). This study showed that untreated diabetes mellitus is associated with prefrontal Nissl body deficit and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. The absence of these deficits in CLE-treated rats suggests a neuroprotective effect of the extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This may improve the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex in diabetes mellitus.Item Effect of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure on the architecture of the heart in juvenile Wistar rats.(Anatomy Journal of Africa,, 2014) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Adeyemi, HAThis study aimed at determining the effects of cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy on the morphology of the developing heart. Twelve adult female Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were time mated and grouped into three: a control (A) and two treatment groups (B and C). The treatment groups were exposed to smoke from 2 sticks of cigarette (St. Moritz®) on days 8 – 14 (Group B) and days 15-21 (Group C) of the gestation. Each stick of cigarette contained an average of 0.8375 g of tobacco. The pregnant rats were allowed to litter, and at postnatal day 15, pups from all the groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the chest wall was dissected and the heart was excised and either placed in 10% formal saline fixative for histological preparation using Haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques, or 0.25 M cold sucrose solution and homogenised for enzyme study on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase using the colorimetric method. The pups exposed to cigarette smoke in utero had low birth and body weights, and markedly reduced cardiac weight. Considerable disruptions of the architecture of the heart were also seen, with poorly stained and reduced sizes of cardiac myocytes. Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure impairs the normal development of the heart with subsequent possibility of postnatal suboptimal functionality.Item Effects of albendazole administration on the testicular histology of adult Wistar rats.(Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy, 2013) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Alabi, AS; Oyabambi, AOBackground: The testicular cytoarchitectural effects of albendazole administration were studied in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were grouped into three groups, with six (6) rats per group. While animals in the control group A were given water, the treatment groups B and C received 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively of albendazole orally for three consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation about 24 hours after drug administration, and the testes removed, fixed in 10% formal saline and processed for histological consideration, using Haematoxylin and Eosin stains. Results: Varying degrees of histological changes were noticed in the seminiferous tubules, which were marked in the group that received the higher dose of the drug. Conclusion: These structural distortions and degenerations of testicular tissues that occurred after albendazole administration are dose-dependent, and could affect reproductive functions in males.Item Effects of ascorbic acid on garlic-induced alterations in semen parameters of Wistar rats.(The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2011) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Onanuga, Ismail Olashile; Jimoh, AAGItem Effects of chronic cigarette smoke exposure on the histochemistry and anti-oxidant status of Wistar Rat’s Cerebelli(The Journal of Anatomical Sciences, 2014) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Babalola, F AItem Effects of combined leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica on hepatic morphology and hepatotoxicity markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.(Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, (Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine), 2011) Akinola, OB; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Akinola, OS; Dosumu, OO; Adewoye, ETObjectives: In this work, we studied liver morphology, markers of hepatic oxidative stress and some liver enzymes in diabetic rats treated with the combined leaf extract (CLE) of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (neem). Methods: Diabetes was induced in fasted male Wistar rats with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Oral CLE (500 mg/kg body weight) and metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) were administered to different groups of diabetic rats for eight weeks. Blood glucose and change in body weight were estimated weekly. All animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia after eight weeks. Hepatic sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff. Liver samples were homogenized and assayed for contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while the plasma was assayed for contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Results: Metformin and CLE treatment produced normoglycaemia in the diabetic rats in the course of the treatment period. Significant increases in body weight were observed in the treatment groups compared with the diabetic control rats (P<0.05). In the control and treatment groups, light microscopic study showed intact hepatic histology. Plasma ALT and AST were not significantly different from the control values in the CLE-treated rats. In addition, from week four onwards, blood glucose concentrations in the CLE-treated rats were not different from the normal control (P>0.05). Besides, hepatic MDA (P<0.05) significantly decreased in the CLE-treated rats compared with the normal control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CLE ameliorates hyperglycemia and hepatic oxidative stress when administered to diabetic rats as a chronic regimen, and there was no morphologic or biochemical evidence of liver damage at the dose tested.Item Effects of unripe Musa paradisiaca on the histochemistry of the testis and testosterone levels in adult albino rats.(Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences,, 2017) Alabi, Ade Stephen; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Tagoe, CNB; Akinola, OB; Enaibe, BUSummary: This study was aimed at determining the effects of the unripe fruit of Musa paradisiaca on the testis and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats. The animals were grouped into three, comprising a control, and 2 treatment groups administered with different doses (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) daily of the fruit flour over 28 days. Histochemical evaluation of the testes was done using Haematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS) and Feulgen staining techniques, while the serum and homogenised testicular tissue were evaluated for testosterone levels using Accu-Bind ELISA Kit. The testis of the treated groups showed more rapidly dividing cells and more population of sperm cells compared to the control group, and also showed more positivity for Feulgen staining and PAS reaction. Both serum and testicular testosterone levels were however reduced. Serum testosterone was significantly lowered in the animals given the low dose (0.67 ± 0.03 ng/ml), compared to those given high dose (0.85 ± 0.02 ng/ml) and the control animals (1.88 ± 0.15 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). Changes in testicular testosterone were not statistically significant. The study suggests that M. paradisiaca fruit has reproductive enhancing potential when consumed moderately, but this benefit may not be related to testosterone levels.Item Garlic consumption alters testicular histology and anti-oxidant status in Wistar rats.(The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2012) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Oyewopo, AO; Onanuga, Ismail Olashile; Enaibe, BUGarlic is known for its cell and tissue-protective functions. This study examined the effects of aqueous garlic extract on the histology of the testes of Wistar rats and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Twenty-four (24) rats with an average weight of 116 g were used. They were randomly grouped into three: Group A Control: was given distilled water; Group B: was given 500 mg/kg/d aqueous garlic extract; and Group C: received 1000 mg/kg/d aqueous garlic extract; all for 28 days. Findings revealed progressive depletion in sperm cell population, reduction in size of seminiferous tubules, and widening interstitial space. SOD activity was significantly reduced in both treated groups in a dose-dependent fashion. These histological observations and the depletion in endogenous anti-oxidant status associated with the administration of garlic could result in significant affectation of male reproductive functions.Item Gestational nicotine exposure alters oligodendrocyte morphology and axonal myelination in the lateral prefrontal cortex of young Wistar rats.(Nigerian Journal of Neuroscience,, 2015) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Alabi, AS; Femi-Akinlosotu, Omowumi; Akinola, OB; Enaibe, BU; Caxton-Martins, Ezekiel AdemolaPrenatal exposure of the foetus to chemical insults has implications on the overall growth and development of the baby before and after birth. This study examined the effects of prenatal exposure to nicotine on the morphology of oligodendrocytes which are responsible for the development of myelin in the central nervous system, and are critical in neurodevelopment. Twenty adult female Wistar rats were used for the study. Their oestrous cycle was determined by vaginal smearing, and subsequently exposed to male rats for mating. The female Wistar rats were thereafter grouped into two and each group was further subdivided into a saline-treated control and a nicotine-treated subgroup. Each treatment lasted 5 consecutive days between days 9-13 (Group A) and days 16-20 (Group B) of pregnancy. The pups were allowed to grow and, at postnatal day 15, were euthanized and perfusion-fixed transcardially. The lateral prefrontal cortex was processed for histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. Findings indicated marked decrease in oligodendrocyte count, reduced expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), and impaired myelin formation. These changes can affect the normal growth and development of the brain with severe implications on cognitive and motor functions after birth.Item Histological changes in the cerebelli of adult Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke(Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2014) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Babalola, F ASummary: The different constituents of tobacco smoke have been linked to different diseased conditions. In this work, the histological effects of cigarette smoke on the cerebellum of adult male Wistar rats were studied. Sixteen Wistar rats with mean weight of 153.24 ± 4.12 g were grouped equally into four. The Control Group A was exposed to fresh air, while Groups B, C and D animals were each exposed to smoke from one, two and three sticks of cigarette respectively. Each stick of cigarette was completely consumed within an average duration of 11 minutes. Improvised smoking chambers were constructed and used for the exposure daily, while treatment lasted for 28 days. The animals were thereafter sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the cranium was exposed and the brain gently removed and weighed; the cerebellum was excised, weighed, and fixed in formol calcium, and subsequently processed for histological observation using the Haematoxylin and Eosin staining principle. Loss of weight and reduction in weight gain were noticed in the treatment groups, with corresponding reduction in cerebellar weights, in a dose-dependent pattern. Histology also revealed loss of white matter, reduction in thickness of cell layers and their cellular components. Increasing dosage of cigarette smoke could predispose to progressive compromise in the structural integrity and composition of the cerebellum, and this might result in cerebellar dysfunction.Item Histological effects of permethrin insecticide on the testis of adult Wistar rats.(Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,, 2014) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Onanuga, IO; Ibrahim, RBPermethrin is a common constituent in some household insecticides. This study examined the effects of this chemical on the testicular histology of exposed rats. Fifteen adult male Wistar rats were subgrouped into a control and two treatment groups. The controls were fed on normal rat feeds, whilst the diet of animals in the two treatment groups was mixed with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg Permethrin respectively. An increase in body weights and organ weights was observed in the animals in both treatment groups. Various degrees of histological alterations in the structure of their seminiferous tubules were also observed in comparison with the control group. These abnormalities included disruption of the normal architecture, reduction in the population of mature sperm cells, wider luminal diameter and reduced interstitial spaces. These effects could impair the fertility potential of male subjectsItem Histological evaluation of the embryotoxic and neurotoxic effects of Mangifera indica in prenatally exposed Wistar rats(Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy, 2012) Enaibe, BU; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Ayanwale, OOItem Histological evaluation of the jejunum and ileum of rats after administration of high dose garlic aqueous extract.(International Journal of Health Sciences, 2012) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Enaibe, BU; Muonagolu, JNObjectives This study investigated the adverse effects of excessive consumption of garlic on the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) of adult male Wistar rats. Methodology Sixteen (16) Wistar rats with average weight of 181.5 g were grouped into two: Control Group A which received distilled water, and Treatment Group B which received 1000 mg/kg/ml aqueous extract of garlic, orally for 28 weeks. The aqueous extraction of raw garlic was done to obtain a concentration of 1000 mg/kg/ml. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after the last day of administration, and tissues for histological studies were fixed in buffered formalin, while those for enzyme studies were homogenised, and appropriate biochemical kits used to study the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results The histological sections of the jejunum of animals that received the high dose of aqueous garlic extract revealed the presence of vacuolations, cell death and loss of epithelium, and intact muscle layer; the Periodic-Acid Schiff (PAS) positivity also reduced, while the ileum also showed degeneration of the brush borders, loss of epithelial cells, reduction in the number of goblet cells, vacuolations, and a reduced intensity of PAS positivity. Activities of ACP, ALP and LDH in the jejunum and ileum were increased. Conclusion Consumption of excessive amount of garlic could cause structural changes to the intestinal tract, which are capable of affecting intestinal functions, such as decrease in glycogen activity in the small intestine, and impairment of the absorptive activities.Item Identification of the anthropometric index that best correlates with fasting blood glucose and BMI in post-pubescent female Nigerians.(Anatomy Journal of Africa,, 2014) Akinola, OB; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Akinlolu, AA; Ayangbemi, KDThe association between anthropometric indices and the incidence of metabolic disturbances varies between age groups and races. In this study, we report the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and some anthropometric markers of body mass and central obesity in a population of postpubescent female Nigerians (16-23 years). After obtaining written consent from each of the 178 subjects; and the completion of a questionnaire on individual demographics, we collected the following anthropometric data: waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), height (H), and weight (W). We also estimated the body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was estimated using a glucometer. The mean FBG was 83.65 mg/dl and this was best positively and significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.15; P<0.05) in this population. Besides, among other obesity markers, WHtR was most strongly and significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.70; P<0.05). Our data shows that in young (post-pubescent) female Nigerians, the best anthropometric indicator of FBG (and thus of metabolic status), is the BMI, and this is most strongly correlated with WHtR in this particular population.Item Kolaviron ameliorates histomorphological changes associated with cuprizone-induced cerebellar damage.(The Journal of Anatomical Sciences,, 2017) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Olajide, O J; Gbadamosi, IT; Sulaimon, FA; Oladimeji, JOCuprizone is a copper chelator and a drug of choice in studing demyelination/remyelination in the central nervous system. This study assessed the effect of Kolaviron, on cuprizone-induced damage to the cerebellum of Wistar rat. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were grouped into 5: Group A received 0.5 ml of normal saline for 6 weeks; Group B received 0.5 ml of corn oil for 6 weeks; Group C was treated with 0.2% of cuprizone for 3 weeks followed by treatment with 200 mg/kg of Kolaviron for another 3 weeks; Group D received 200 mg/kg Kolaviron for 3 weeks followed by 0.2% cuprizone from another 3 weeks; while Group E received 0.2% cuprizone for 6 weeks. Meanwhile, 0.5 ml of corn oil was used as a vehicle for Kolaviron. The body and brain weight of the rats showed significant decrease in all treated groups when compared to the control groups. Histological demonstration showed varying degrees of architectural distortions, including depletion of Nissl bodies, disruption of cortical cell layers and depletion of myelin, which were more pronounced in the cerebellar cortex of cuprizone-treated rats. Kolaviron offered mild cytoprotection to the cerebellar histomorphology of cuprizone-treated rats. Further studies would ascertain the effectiveness of Kolaviron in mitigating cerebellar lesions in well-established demyelination.