Browsing by Author "Omoniwa, B.P."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Hepatotoxicity evaluation of geophagic clay soil from Uzola, Edo State, Nigeria in albino rats
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria., 2017-09) Omoniwa, B.P.; Lenka, J.L; Soji-Omoniwa, O
    The effect of oral administration of geophagic soil from Uzola on the liver of albino rats was evaluated in this study. Major oxides composition analysis showed the presence of SiO2 (55.70%), MnO (0.01%), Al2O3 (23.81%), Fe2O3 (3.03%) etc. Forty-five elements were detected and quantified. Zirconium had highest concentration (344.4ppm) followed by Barium (287ppm) while Molybdenum, Silver, Cadmium and Antimony had the lowest concentration of <0.1ppm. Rats were divided into 4 groups (i.e. A, B, C and D). Group, A which served as the control, was orally administered with distilled water while groups B, C and D were orally administered with 400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg body weight dose of the soil solution respectively. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after soil solution administration for 1, 7 and 21 days. Liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and concentrations of serum total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, total protein and albumin were determined. There was a significant increase (p< 0.05) in liver alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum alanine aminotransferase activities in the experimental animals. Serum total protein concentration also increased significantly (p< 0.05) in the experimental animals when compared to the control group but was reversed to control levels after 21 days administration. Available results show that geophagic clay soil from Uzola, Edo State, Nigeria may have a deleterious effect on liver synthetic functions and may also cause an overproduction of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the liver at the doses considered.
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    In vitro antiplasmodial activity of aqueous extracts of Ochna schweinfurthiana leaf on Plasmodium falciparum.
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria., 2017) Omoniwa, B.P.; Johnson, T.O.; Soji-Omoniwa, O; Gurumtet, I; Manzah, R.A.
    The in vitro antiplasmodial activities of cold and hot aqueous extracts of Ochna schweinfurthiana leaf was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum at concentrations 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml. Parasitaemia was observed after 24, 48 and 72 hours under a light microscope at X100 magnification. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts were compared with a standard Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT), artemether/lumefantrine. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids (65.97 mg/100g), alkaloids (0.20 mg/100g), saponins (47.39 mg/100g) and tannins (0.53 mg/100g). There was a significant reduction (P< 0.05) in parasitemia of groups treated with the various doses of the extracts when compared to the control group. The reduction in parasitemia was however not as pronounced as that observed for the standard drug-treated groups. The 10, 20, 40 1nd 80 μg/ml doses of the extracts gave a percentage parasite inhibition of 79.77, 81.86, 83.38 and 86.42 (cold extract) and 76.26, 78.54, 82.72 and 85.06 (hot extract) respectively which are lower than 99.71, 99.81, 100.00 and 100.00 respectively observed for the standard drug after 72 hours. However, in vitro assay of plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) activity did not show any significant difference among the extract-treated groups and those treated with artemether/lumefantrine standard. Findings from this study show that hot and cold aqueous extracts of Ochna schweinfurthiana leaf possess high inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro especially after 72 hours and justifies it folkloric use as an antimalarial.
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    Prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in Kazaure Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria
    (University of Ilorin, 2014) Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Omoniwa, B.P.
    The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in Kazaure Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria. The design of the study was a descriptive cross sectional survey and the sampling procedure was a multi-stage cluster sampling using the EPI method. Thirty (30) clusters were selected randomly from the list of the villages by assigning probability proportional to population size (PPS), using Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) delta software. The second stage was selection of households and finally, selection of at least 20 children aged 6-59 months within each cluster. Variables such as age, sex, weight and height were collected for each child included in the survey on standardized questionnaire. The result showed that the overall prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) from the study was 1.7 % (0.9 - 3.1 95 % CI). Two cases of oedema were found during the survey, while global acute malnutrition (GAM) was 10.2 % (7.8 - 13.3 95 % CI) and 59.2 % (42.2 - 57.4 95 % CI) for stunting. It is concluded that chronic malnutrition is endemic in the study area based on the high prevalence of stunting found, hence intervention study should be targeted at preventing acute malnutrition in the study area.
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    Toxicological evaluation of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
    (Faculty of Physical and Life Sciences, Babcock University, Nigeria., 2017) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Omoniwa, B.P.; Usman, L.A.
    This study investigated the toxicity effect of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) on alloxan –induced diabetic rats, having confirmed its antidiabetic potential in previous study. Forty (40) male albino rats were randomly selected into 4 groups ( A, B, C and D) of 10 rats each, representing (respectively) the Normal Control, Diabetic Control, Diabetic treated with 14.2 mg/kg b. wt. Metformin (reference drug), and Diabetic treated with 110 mg/kg b.wt. leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis. Experimental animals apart from the normal, diabetic, and referenced drug treated groups were treated with the 110 mg/kg b.wt of the oil for 15 days. Effect on hematological parameters, liver and kidney function tests were evaluated. Results showed that there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of red blood cell, packed cell volume and no significant difference (p<0.05) in White blood cell, lymphocyte and neutrophil when compared to the normal control. Citrus sinensis essential oil-treated diabetic rats also showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in total protein concentration, significant decrease (p<0.05) in albumin, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations compared to the normal control. Concentrations of serum creatinine and urea in the essential oil-treated diabetic rats significantly increased and decreased respectively when compared with the normal control group. A significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the activity of heart alanine transaminase. Results of this study suggest that the leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis at a dose of 110 mg/kg b.wt administered for 15 days might be toxic to the tissues study.