Browsing by Author "Olorunshola, Isaac Dayo"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria
    (Veterinary World, 2018-08) Daodu, Oluwafemi Babatunde; Oludairo, Oladapo Oyedeji; Aiyedun, Julius Olaniyi; Ambali, Hauwa Motunrayo; Kadir, Rafiu Adebisi; Daodu, Oluwakemi Christiana; Olorunshola, Isaac Dayo; Adah, Arimie Deborah
    Abstract Aim: This study aimed to assess available assay methods for infectious bursal disease (IBD) diagnosis and seromonitoring in local birds. It also sought to know the prevalence of IBD antibodies among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sera were obtained from local chickens and guinea fowls and IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Results: A total of 265 sera were obtained from local birds during dry and wet seasons. ELISA recorded the highest prevalence of 81.1% (215/265) while IHA and AGID detected IBDV antibodies in 183 (69.1%) and 122 (46%) birds, respectively. Significant differences were established for IBD-positive sera based on the assay method used, bird species, and seasons. Conclusion: This study indicated that ELISA is the most sensitive and reliable assay method while AGID is the least. It also showed that there is a high prevalence of IBDV antibodies among local birds which were not vaccinated, and this implies a high IBDV activity among these bird species in the study area. This may have significant epidemiological implications on the spread of the virus to exotic bird reared in the rural areas on a commercial scale. Thus, this study suggests continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and advocacy for vaccination of indigenous birds against IBD.
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    Awareness and antibody detection of Newcastle disease virus in a neglected society in Nigeria
    (Veterinary World, 2019-01) Daodu, Oluwafemi Babatunde; Aiyedun, Julius Olaniyi; Kadir, Rafiu Adebisi; Ambali, Hauwa Motunrayo; Oludairo, Oladapo Oyedeji; Olorunshola, Isaac Dayo; Daodu, Oluwakemi Christiana; Baba, Saka Saheed
    Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of rural poultry farmers on vaccination and to detect Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody in local birds (LB) and eggs in Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data on farmers’ attitude, knowledge, practices, and experiences on ND mortality were obtained through an interview using a structured cross-sectional checklist. NDV antibodies were detected in sera and egg yolks of local chickens (LC) and guinea fowls (GF) using hemagglutination inhibition test. Results: A total of 83 interviewees, 287 sera and 121 egg yolk extracts, were examined. The study revealed that 98.8% (82/83) of the interviewee had never vaccinated their flock before. 90% of the interviewee had reported high mortality in birds within 1-6 months old, while the major clinical signs were cold (40.4%) and torticollis (30.8%). Evidences of LB exposure to wild-type NDV were confirmed by the detection of NDV antibodies in 20.8% and 0% of LC and GF, respectively. The mortality differences experienced in <1 and 1-6 months old LB could be explained by the presence of maternally-derived NDV antibody (49.6%) in egg yolk. Conclusion: The study showed that LB suffers from NDV as a result of LB keepers’ ignorance and neglect by the government. This has limited local investment and subsequent contribution to gross domestic product. This study suggests that the key factors to the prevention of ND remain awareness creation about poultry vaccination, production of affordable vaccines, and availability/accessibility to veterinarian (or trained personnel).
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    BIOTERRORISM, PUBLIC HEALTH AND NATIONAL SECURITY
    (Centre for Peace and Strategics Studies University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2015) Oludairo, Oladapo Oyedeji; Aiyedun, Julius Olaniyi; Olorunshola, Isaac Dayo
    The possibility of terrorist groups utilizing biological weapons against states and countries is a mounting concern which has increasingly attracted the attention and resources of the world. This study sets out to examine the issue of biological terrorism and its potential threat to public health and national security. This was achieved using baseline information and data generated through related reported studies. Bioterrorism was found to be an ‘entirely possible’, potent, emerging threat to public health, national and international security leading to public health emergency, intimidation of the affected governments and national security vulnerability. Overcoming these challenges calls for the introduction and implementation of new, effective, potent, practical and workable plan and strategies to enhance preparedness, early detection, rapid investigation and quick response in order to stem its devastating effects among human population, animals and environment.
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    Parasitic diseases of monkeys in Osun State, Nigeria: A ten-year retrospective study of occurrence, risk factors and coinfection dynamics
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2019) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Furo, Nathan Adamu; Olorunshola, Isaac Dayo; Adah, Deborah Arime; Aluko, Olubukola
    This study profiled the parasitic diseases diagnosed in monkeys that were presented at the Zonal (Government) Veterinary Clinics at Osogbo, Ilesa, Ede and Ikirun in Osun State over a ten year period (2006 - 2015). Information retrieved from the databases of the clinics included the age, gender, date of presentation of the monkey at the clinic as well as the specific parasitic disease(s) diagnosed. A total of eight parasitic diseases including helminthosis (83.10%), babesiosis (33.80%), tick infestation (32.39%), lice infestation (16.90%), mange (15.49%), flea infestation (11.27%), myiasis (4.23%) and trypanosomosis (1.41%) were diagnosed in monkeys during the period. Age was a common risk factor associated with the occurrence of the parasitic diseases diagnosed. Approximately 76% of the studied animal species were cases of multiple parasitic infestations running through age groups, gender and seasons. Babesiosis was moderately and positively correlated with tick infestation and the association was significant (P = 0.01; rs = 0.587). Some of the parasitic disease conditions reported in this study are zoonotic. This study creates awareness on zoonoses and serves as a referencedocument for veterinarians, medical practitioners, researchers and monkey owners/handlers. It is therefore recommended that people should exercise caution and maintain proper hygiene in their relationship with wild captive animals to reduce the risk of transmission of infections between animals and man. Public education and awareness on the possible zoonosis from such wild captive animals and the periodic screening and treatment of such animals and in-contact individuals may be useful in controlling the parasites.