Browsing by Author "Olorunshola, I. D."
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Item Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara State North Central Nigeria,(Veterinary World, 2018) Daodu, O. B.; Oludairo, O. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Kadir, R. A.; Ambali, H. M.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. C.; Adah, A. D.in local birds. It also sought to know the prevalence of IBD antibodies among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sera were obtained from local chickens and guinea fowls and IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Results: A total of 265 sera were obtained from local birds during dry and wet seasons. ELISA recorded the highest prevalence of 81.1% (215/265) while IHA and AGID detected IBDV antibodies in 183 (69.1%) and 122 (46%) birds, respectively. Significant differences were established for IBD-positive sera based on the assay method used, bird species, and seasons. Conclusion: This study indicated that ELISA is the most sensitive and reliable assay method while AGID is the least. It also showed that there is a high prevalence of IBDV antibodies among local birds which were not vaccinated, and this implies a high IBDV activity among these bird species in the study area. This may have significant epidemiological implications on the spread of the virus to exotic bird reared in the rural areas on a commercial scale. Thus, this study suggests continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and advocacy for vaccination of indigenous birds against IBD.Item Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria(Veterinary World, 2018) Daodu, O. B.; Oludairo, O. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Ambali, H. M.; Kadir, R. A.; Daodu, O. C.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Adah, A. D.Aim: This study aimed to assess available assay methods for infectious bursal disease (IBD) diagnosis and seromonitoring in local birds. It also sought to know the prevalence of IBD antibodies among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sera were obtained from local chickens and guinea fowls and IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Results: A total of 265 sera were obtained from local birds during dry and wet seasons. ELISA recorded the highest prevalence of 81.1% (215/265) while IHA and AGID detected IBDV antibodies in 183 (69.1%) and 122 (46%) birds, respectively. Significant differences were established for IBD-positive sera based on the assay method used, bird species, and seasons. Conclusion: This study indicated that ELISA is the most sensitive and reliable assay method while AGID is the least. It also showed that there is a high prevalence of IBDV antibodies among local birds which were not vaccinated, and this implies a high IBDV activity among these bird species in the study area. This may have significant epidemiological implications on the spread of the virus to exotic bird reared in the rural areas on a commercial scale. Thus, this study suggests continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and advocacy for vaccination of indigenous birds against IBD.Item Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dog Owners on Rabies in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Egyptian Society for Animal Management, 2022) Aiyedun, J. O.; Darajat, A. T.; Daodu, O. B.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Nwoha, R. I. O.; Oluboyede, I. S.Rabies is an acute viral zoonotic disease that affects all warm-blooded animals. Its constant evaluation of the perception of the public is essential. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices of dog owners on rabies in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. This was achieved by administering 150 structured questionnaires to dog owners, breeders and hunters in the study area using face to face interviews. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 21. Dog owners with more than 3 dogs (13.3%) and those with one dog (50.7%) had the highest (80%) and least (47.4%) rabies vaccination rates respectively. Dogs kept for both breeding and security (18%) were vaccinated more than those kept for (74.1%) other reasons. Lhasa apso and local breeds were the highest (100%) and least (14.3%) vaccinated dogs in the study. Dogs < 1 year (30.7%) and those >6 years (0.7%) recorded (65.2%) and (0%) current rabies vaccination status respectively, while 90% and 72.6% of the respondents knew about rabies and its transmission to man respectively, only 58.7% had updated rabies vaccination for their dogs. Although 56% of the dog owners in this study rightly indicated how rabies is transmitted, 16% and 64.7% didn’t know how humans contract the disease and the clinical presentations in dogs respectively. Most (35.6%) respondents that didn’t have up to date vaccinations for their dogs didn’t have cogent reasons for failing to do so. Dog owners that were not knowledgeable about pre-exposure rabies vaccination were 58.7% while only 7.3 % of them had received previous shots of the vaccine. Dog bite experience was recorded in 78% of the respondents while only 20.7% of the 82.7% that claimed to know what to do when bitten by a dog identified the right course of action. Most (69.3%) respondents however indicated they would seek medical help at the government hospital (40%) if bitten by a rabid dog. The result of this study showed that there is some knowledge gap in the knowledge of rabies among stakeholders in the study area. Periodic mass rabies awareness campaigns to improve the perception of the disease in the study area is indicated.Item Assessment of the knowledge of contamination-causing microorganisms in food and food products in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(Ilorin Journal of Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2023-03) Oludairo, O. O.; Zakariya, M. E.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Daodu, O. B.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Akpabio, U.The contamination of food and its products by microbial agents is a worldwide public-health concern. Many countries have documented significant increases in the incidence of diseases caused by microorganisms in food over the past few decades. This study focused on assessing the knowledge of the public on the microorganisms causing contamination in food and food products. Cross sectional study design was used in this study. The study population was members of the public in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. This was achieved by administering 223 structured questionnaire forms to willing members of the public in the Ilorin metropolis using stratified random sampling technique and undertaking desk reviews of responses. The result revealed that 67.7% of the respondents could not mention any food contaminants while 66.8% did not know anything about these contaminants while 95.5% only had superficial knowledge based on their response to questions about the subject matter. Male respondents and those above the age of 25 were adjudged to have more knowledge of microorganisms causing contamination in food while the knowledge of respondents with primary school certificate were lowest compared to those with other level of education. This strongly calls for an increase in public health education by all health professionals and the adoption of more innovative strategies for educating the public. There is a need for more advocacies and social mobilization by the government and non-governmental organizations with renewed vigour in the enforcement of public health regulations to safeguard members of society.Item Awareness and antibody detection of Newcastle disease virus in a neglected society in Nigeria(Veterinary World, 2019) Daodu, O. B.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Kadir, R. A.; Ambali, H. M.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. C.; Baba, S. S.Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of rural poultry farmers on vaccination and to detect Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody in local birds (LB) and eggs in Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data on farmers’ attitude, knowledge, practices, and experiences on ND mortality were obtained through an interview using a structured cross-sectional checklist. NDV antibodies were detected in sera and egg yolks of local chickens (LC) and guinea fowls (GF) using hemagglutination inhibition test. Results: A total of 83 interviewees, 287 sera and 121 egg yolk extracts, were examined. The study revealed that 98.8% (82/83) of the interviewee had never vaccinated their flock before. 90% of the interviewee had reported high mortality in birds within 1-6 months old, while the major clinical signs were cold (40.4%) and torticollis (30.8%). Evidences of LB exposure to wild-type NDV were confirmed by the detection of NDV antibodies in 20.8% and 0% of LC and GF, respectively. The mortality differences experienced in <1 and 1-6 months old LB could be explained by the presence of maternally-derived NDV antibody (49.6%) in egg yolk. Conclusion: The study showed that LB suffers from NDV as a result of LB keepers’ ignorance and neglect by the government. This has limited local investment and subsequent contribution to gross domestic product. This study suggests that the key factors to the prevention of ND remain awareness creation about poultry vaccination, production of affordable vaccines, and availability/accessibility to veterinarian (or trained personnel).Item Bacteriological Profile of Drinking Water Sources in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria., 2022) Olorunshola, I. D.; Oludairo, O. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Bale, J. O.; Akintola, O. O.; Omorigie, S.; Folahan, F. F.; Ogah, J. O.This study was undertaken to determine the bacteriological quality of three selected sources of drinking water sold in Ilorin metropolis. Representative water samples were collected from 87 sources consisting of 60 boreholes, 20 packaged sachet water and 7 river water samples from seven different locations across three Local Government Areas in Ilorin metropolis. The samples of water were collected in sterile McCartney bottles, placed in ice-packed flasks and immediately transferred to the laboratory for bacteria isolation, determination of bacterial load (total bacterial and coliform counts) and biochemical identification respectively. Results from this study showed that the most common bacteria isolates obtained were Staphylococcus aureus (33 isolates), Proteus species (28 isolates) and Salmonella species (26 isolates). Other bacteria isolates obtained included Klebsiella species, Pasteurella species, Bacillus species and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, results showed that river water samples had the highest bacterial count with an average of 8.56 x 102colony forming units (CFU)/100 ml, while the packaged sachet water samples had the least colony count with an average of 2.32 x 102CFU/100 ml. The total coliform counts of the borehole and packaged sachet water were within the WHO limit for portable drinking water although the total bacterial count was higher. The distribution patterns of the isolates based on sampling sites revealed that most of these organisms were encountered at Ilorin West. The disparity of the bacteriological quality of the different water sources could be related to the varying level of exposure to contaminants within and across the sampling locations. The results of this study emphasize the need for periodic assessment of water quality for safety purposes.Item BIOTERRORISM, PUBLIC HEALTH AND NATIONAL SECURITY(Centre for Peace and Strategics Studies University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2015) Oludairo, O. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.The possibility of terrorist groups utilizing biological weapons against states and countries is a mounting concern which has increasingly attracted the attention and resources of the world. This study sets out to examine the issue of biological terrorism and its potential threat to public health and national security. This was achieved using baseline information and data generated through related reported studies. Bioterrorism was found to be an ‘entirely possible’, potent, emerging threat to public health, national and international security leading to public health emergency, intimidation of the affected governments and national security vulnerability. Overcoming these challenges calls for the introduction and implementation of new, effective, potent, practical and workable plan and strategies to enhance preparedness, early detection, rapid investigation and quick response in order to stem its devastating effects among human population, animals and environment.Item Cross Sectional Study of Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoirs within the Transit City of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, 2019) Aiyedun, J. O.; Odetunde, F. O.; Oludairo, O.O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. B.; Nwoha, R. I. O.Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.Item Cross-Sectional Study of Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoir within the Transit City of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Abuja., 2019) Aiyedun, J. O.; Odetunde, F. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. B.; Nwoha, R. I. O.Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.Item Detection and molecular characterization of a first isolate of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in Nigeria(Tropical Animal Health and Production, Springer Nature, 2021) Daodu, O. B.; Shaibu, J. O.; Richards, A. B.; Folaranmi, E. B.; Adegoke, S.; Ajadi, A.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Akanbi, O. B.; Afolabi, A A.; Daodu, O. C.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Halleed, N. I.; Audu, R. A.; Oluwayelu, D. O.Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was recovered from necropsied rabbits that died during an outbreak characterized by epistaxis, incoordination, paralysis, and multi-organ haemorrhages in Ilorin, Nigeria. The haemagglutination test (HA) and RTPCR assay targeted against a fragment of the RHDV VP60 gene were performed on liver, spleen, and kidney homogenates; faeces; and urine obtained from the rabbits. Amplicons were purified, sequenced, and phylogenetically analysed. The liver homogenates yielded the highest HA titres while RT-PCR of liver, spleen, and kidneys yielded the expected 1252 bp band. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Nigerian RHDV strain (RHDV/NGR/ILN/001) was 98.57%, 97.95%, and 96.70% homologous with RHDV2 (RHDVGI.2) strains from the Netherlands, Germany, and France, respectively. RHDV/NGR/ ILN/001 induced tracheal, intestinal, and mediastinal lymph node haemorrhages, pulmonary oedema and congestion, and enlarged, necrotic liver in experimentally inoculated rabbits. The implications of this study, which is the first report of RHDV in Nigeria, are discussed.Item Effectiveness of biosecurity measures in some selected farms in Kwara state, Nigeria(Department of Wildlife and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Makurdi., 2018) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. B.; Furo, N. O.Biosecurity in poultry farm is a set of practices designed to prevent the entry and spread of infectious diseases into and from a poultry farm. It is one of the most economical and effective methods of disease prevention and control in the poultry industry. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to capture data on biosecurity practices observed by some registered poultry farms randomly selected in Kwara State from March 2016 to December 2016. Data generated under a focused group discussion covered information on farm environment and hygiene, risk factors, disease management, control and regulations. Epi Info software package version 6.04 was used for data analysis. The relationships between the dependent and independent variables were compared using the χ2 tests. A P-value of ˂0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference that biosecurity measure is of great relevance in the poultry industry. The study revealed that the management practices and hygiene methods employed in the farms investigated were not in tandem with standard biosecurity measures and practices (SD≤0.5), standard methods and their implication of non-compliance were also not well understood. We recommend ‘all-in and all-out’ management system of practice and further research on biosecurity measures for human and animal health and protection.Item Indigenous Knowledge and Practices in the Control of Rabies in North Central, Nigeria.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt., 2017) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.This study was carried out to access the indigenous and practical knowledge about rabies control in Ifelodun and Irepodun Local Government Areas (LGA) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Our investigations combined literature review, focus group discussion and in-depth interview. Information obtained from 246 adults revealed that 65% of the respondents keep dogs for hunting and security, while the remaining 35% do not keep dogs. Local farmers and hunters who kept dogs claimed that rabid dogs and their human victims are curable with local herbs such as “Apa – asa”, “imi- esu”, goat weeds, raw walnut, fresh okro and materials such as “Adin-eyan”, salt, cobra intestine, dog‟s blood, dog‟s hair, and “aporoepaijebu” which were either applied topically on the wound or taken orally by the victim immediately after the bite. It was observed that the respondents had limited knowledge about the dumb form of rabies compared with the furious type (locally referred to as „Digbolugi‟). Our data analysis showed that goat weeds 62(25.2%), Apa – asa 53(21.5%) Adin-eyan and salt 82(33.3%), combination of Dog‟s blood and hair 74(30.1) were the range of efficacious herbs and materials used to treat rabies in those communities. Poverty and ignorance still poses challenges in the use of veterinary services by the farmers in most communities in Nigeria. Hence, the needs for the government‟s interventions for affordable veterinary services, organising campaigns on rabies vaccination, funding research on these local remedies as well as incorporating ethinovetrinary practices in the curriculum of learning in Nigeria.Item An Overview of Animal and Humans Brucellosis in Nigeria(Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Egyptian Society for Animal Management., 2022) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. B.; Akanbi, O. B.Brucellosis is a bacterial disease in humans and animals caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. It is highly contagious and one of the most important zoonosis in the world. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to poor surveillance and inadequate disease reporting system. A comprehensive review of the literature published online was carried out on manuscripts published as far back as 1976 to 2021, A computerized search of existing literature was conducted using the Google search engine, PubMed electronic database and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) abstracts to identify and review relevant publications on brucellosis in animals and humans in Nigeria using the following search terms: brucellosis, malta fever, undulant fever, febrile fever, Gibraltar fever, gastric fever, remittent fever, Mediterranean fever, bangs disease and contagious bovine/ovine abortion. Our review showed that brucellosis is widely distributed in Nigeria amongst human and animal hosts. Undulant fever is the most commonly reported syndrome in humans, while abortion is the most prevalent symptom documented in animals. Serological techniques like rose-Bengal/card test (RBT), standard agglutination tests (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT), indirect enzyme immunoassays (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are often used to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in human and animal hosts. Losses enumerated in the literature include those due to abortions, diminished milk production and contamination of milk, mastitis, animal culls and condemnation of infected animals due to breeding failure and inability to participate in the international animal export trade. In humans, brucellosis reduced work capacity through the sickness of the affected people and can be acquired from animals. There is need for a drastic public health interventions and control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.Item Physical Properties, Correlation and Regression Analyses of Potable Water in Ilorin, Nigeria.(Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, Department of Forestry Wildlife and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Makurdi., 2020) Oludairo, O. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Bale, J. O. O.; Akintola, O. O.Water is said to be wholesome if it is fit to use for drinking, cooking, food preparation or washing without any potential danger to human health. This research aimed to determine the potability of water from borehole, sachet and river in Ilorin, Nigeria using physical parameters, assess the correlation between the parameters and carry out regression analysis of the parameters. Water samples were randomly collected from the three Local Government Areas (LGA) in Ilorin to assess physical properties and carry out correlation and regression analyses. Temperature of water samples were between 29 ⁰C – 31.4 ⁰C while pH ranged between 6.42 and 7.90. Correlation coefficient was +0.989 while regression analysis estimated optimal temperature of 30 ⁰C for pH of 7.03. The physical parameters of water in the study area fell within recommended range. There was strong direct relationship between the physical parameters studied. Further studies could consider investigating other physical and chemical parameters involving larger number of samples.Item Prevalence of Salmonella Species in Locally Fermented Milk (Nono) in Gambari Market, Ilorin East Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria.(Zagazig Veterinary Journal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt., 2023) Oludairo, O. O.; Zakariya, M. E.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Daodu, O. B.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Akpabio, U.Although milk is highly nutritious, it is also an excellent substrate for microorganisms’ growth like Salmonella which is one of the most common causes of foodborne disease worldwide. This research aimed to isolate Salmonella spp. from nono sold in Gambari market, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, test the isolated Salmonella spp. to ten antimicrobial agents and evaluate the risk factors associated with the production and retailing processes of nono in the study area. These were achieved by collecting 113 nono samples and analysing them using conventional isolation methods, confirming the suspected isolates using Microbact GNB 24E. Disc diffusion method for antimicrobial sensitivity test and structured questionnaires were also used. Six (5.3%) Salmonella spp. were isolated. All (100%) the Salmonella isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin and penicillin. Three (50%) of the isolates had resistance breakpoints of 14mm or less to colistin. Five resistance patterns were recorded among the isolates. Eighty percent of the respondents did not wash their hands before milking, while 70% didn't clean the udder before milking. Self-administration of antibiotics to milking cows by 85% of respondents was also recorded. The isolation of Salmonella, including multiple-antimicrobial-resistant species, in nono in the study area could be an indication of contamination.Item Rabies immune status of vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in Kwara State,(Journal of Sustainable Veterinary and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria., 2022) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oluboyede, I. S.; Daodu, O. B.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Darajat, A. T.Rabies is one of the deadliest zoonoses that have existed for decades, affecting wide range of hosts globally. In Nigeria, there is paucity of data on routine antibody check of antirabies vaccinated dogs as quality assurance. This study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of canine rabies virus in both vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs within Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and eighty-two (182) blood samples collected from dogs were transported to the Virology and Immunology Laboratory of the University of Ilorin Veterinary Teaching Hospital for processing. Sera were harvested from the blood samples and rabies IgG was qualitatively determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Overall seroprevalence of 11% (20/182) was recorded in this study. One hundred and twenty-one (66.5%) and Sixty-one (33.5%) of the dogs used in this study had vaccination and non-vaccination status respectively. The study also revealed that several dogs (78.7%; 48/61) that were said to be vaccinated did not have rabies antibodies while some unvaccinated dogs (5.8%; 7/121) had rabies antibodies. There was a significant (χ2 = 11.177, df = 4, P = 0.025) association between age group and rabies virus antibodies detection. The same significant (χ2 = 9.995, df = 1, P = .002) association was observed for vaccination status of dogs sampled. On the other hand, sex has no significant (χ2 = 0.71, df = 1, P = .790) association with rabies virus antibodies. Poor attitude to vaccination of dogs used for hunting in rural and semi-urban areas was generally observed compared to dogs kept for other purposes in urban areas. There is need for increased rabies awareness campaign, vaccine subsidies, and wider sero-surveillance activities engaging the relevant stakeholders with government sponsorship.Item Roles of wildlife in epidemiology of rabies: A mini-review(Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh., 2017-06) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.The roles of wildlife in rabies transmission are still underestimated in many parts of the world. In the developed countries, epidemiology of rabies considering wildlife has been well documented. However, in the least developed and developing countries, emphasis has not given on this issue. Human population is increasing all over the world, and new localities are continuously developing. As a result, wildlife territory is decreasing, and the animals are coming in close contact with humans. Besides, many people are keeping wildlife as the sources of their pleasures. Due to the increased interaction among wildlife, domestic animals and human there is need to intensify efforts on mass education and building of awareness on the risks of rabies spreading by the wildlife, and to institute effective preventive measures to control over the disease. In this mini-review, roles of wildlife in epidemiology of rabies has been discussed considering the dynamics of wildlife in relation with associated intrinsic and extrinsic factors.Item Roles of wildlife in epidemiology of Rabies: A review(Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2017) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.The roles of wildlife in rabies transmission are still underestimated in many parts of the world. In the developed countries, epidemiology of rabies considering wildlife has been well documented. However, in the least developed and developing countries, emphasis has not given on this issue. Human population is increasing all over the world, and new localities are continuously developing. As a result, wildlife territory is decreasing, and the animals are coming in close contact with humans. Besides, many people are keeping wildlife as the sources of their pleasures. Due to the increased interaction among wildlife, domestic animals and human there is need to intensify efforts on mass education and building of awareness on the risks of rabies spreading by the wildlife, and to institute effective preventive measures to control over the disease. In this mini-review, roles of wildlife in epidemiology of rabies has been discussed considering the dynamics of wildlife in relation with associated intrinsic and extrinsic factors.Item Seroepidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis in selected Fulani Herd in Kwara State, Nigeria.(Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2017) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Furo, N. A.; Olowoleni, F. R.; Adam, M.; Shoyinka, S. V. O.Objective: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by members of the genus Brucella. It causes economic loss and ill health among animals and humans. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle particularly in White Fulani breed of cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 120 blood samples were collected randomly from the cattle in Kwara State of Nigeria. Sera were separated from the blood samples. The serum was used for the identification of antibodies against Brucella present in it. Three screening tests namely Bovine Brucella Antibody Test (BBAT; ImmunoCombR), Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) were used for the identification purpose. Results: Based on BBAT, 13.3% (n=16/120) cattle were positive for brucellosis. Similary, 14.2% (n=17/120) and 3.3% (n=4/120 cattle were found to be positive for RBPT and SAT, respectively. The affected cattle were mainly of White Fulani breed with few cross-bred. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that brucella antibody is circulating in cattle examined in the study area. This calls for urgent public health intervention and routine screening of other domestic animals as well.Item Strategies for Control, Prevention and Elimination of Urban Rabies in West Africa.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt., 2017) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Okoli, C. P.Rabies is a viral disease of global threats, almost 100% fatalities in any incidence, killing 15,200 to 159,000 human beings annually. About 70% of the world’s population resides in areas where dogs are reservoirs for rabies, particularly in the developing countries where the incidence of human and canine rabies is unknown. The goal of this review is to create awareness on the current burden and strategies on control, prevention and elimination of rabies in West Africa. There is need for a strong political and technical commitment to control rabies in West Africa. In lieu of the re-emergence, further research on the current vaccine and other possible control and elimination strategies are recommended.