Browsing by Author "Olayinka B. U."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Comparative assessment of chlorophyll content, yield parameters and nutrients of three varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
    (Science World Journal, 2025) Olayinka B. U.; Ogungbemi, R. F.; Babatunde, M. O.; Mahmud, H. U.; Ogundare, K. O.
    Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), is a vital crop in sub-Saharan Africa, that contributes significantly to nutrition, food security, and income generation. The varieties abound vary in the bio-productivity and nutritional status, hence the need to evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritional value of the three newly improved cowpea varieties (Sampea 11, Sampea 12, and Sampea 15) that are cultivated in the Northern Savanna zone of Nigeria. In this study, growth parameters chlorophyll content, and yield components were assessed. Additionally, proximate and mineral analyses which provided insights into the nutritional profiles of these varieties were also investigated. Results identified Sampea 15 as the superior variety, in terms of chlorophyll content, seed weight, protein, fat, energy value, sodium, phosphorus, zinc and manganese. These findings underline the potential of Sampea 15 to enhance food security and nutritional outcomes in West Africa, where malnutrition remains a significant challenge. Considering the superiority of Sampea 15 over all other varieties, there is a need for an agricultural extension officer to make this variety known to the farmers for cultivation in the Southern Guinea savanna ecological zone where the study was carried out.
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    Effect of copper-based fungicide on chemical composition of cocoa seeds
    (UNIZIK Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2025) Lawal, A. R.; Olayinka B. U.; Olahan, G. S.; Omorinoye, O. A.; Abdulsalam, H. A.; Abdulra’uf, L. B.
    Production of cocoa seeds, one of Nigeria’s major non-oil foreign exchange earners as well as a major raw material for the beverage industry, is greatly hindered by diseases caused by various species of the genus Phytophthora. To avert this, copper-based fungicides are sprayed on the leaves of cocoa trees to control or prevent the survival of this organism by the farmers without paying attention to the effects of this chemical on the proximate composition of cocoa seeds. This study therefore investigated the effects of a copper-based fungicide (Ridomil Gold Copper) on the quality of the cocoa seeds by spraying cocoa trees, including the pods, with 50.00 g/L of copper-based fungicide. The results obtained showed that cocoa seeds from the control trees showed significantly higher contents of fiber (4.51%), protein (15.1%), and fat (36.1%) when compared to the respective values of 3.45, 3.95, and 7.59% obtained for the cocoa seeds harvested from the fungicide-treated cocoa trees. All other proximate compositions did not show any statistical difference, except for carbohydrate and calorific values, which were significantly higher in cocoa seeds from fungicide-treated cocoa trees. Seeds from fungicide-treated trees showed significantly higher potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents but lower zinc and copper contents. However, phytochemicals such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins were significantly lower in content in the seeds of fungicide-treated cocoa trees. The contents of glycosides and antioxidants in the cocoa seeds were statistically similar for both the control and treatment, except for ascorbic acid, which showed a significantly lower value (4.8 mg/100 ml) in cocoa seeds from fungicide-treated cocoa trees, compared with the value recorded for the control in this study (13.33%). The foregoing results showed that the use of copper-based fungicides for the control of black pod disease in cocoa adversely affected the quality of cocoa seeds from the treated trees.
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    Effect of exogenous proline on yield, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic activities of cadmium-stressed Roma Vf Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (Adeleke University Journal of Science (AUJS), 2023) Adelowo, J. M.; Olayinka B. U.; Etejere E. O.
    This study investigated the effect of foliar-spray of exogenous proline on cadmium-stressed tomato seedlings for two successive seasons at the experimental farm of Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria. The seedlings were grown in a nursery bed for 4 weeks and thereafter transplanted. Two weeks after transplantation, the plants were stressed with cadmium and the foliar part was sprayed with proline the same day they were subjected to cadmium stress as follow in triplicate: treatment 1: control; treatment 2: 0.3 mM cadmium (Cd); treatment 3: 1.2 mM Cd; treatment 4: 0.3 mM Cd + 5 mg/l proline; treatment 5: 0.3 mM Cd + 10 mg/l proline; treatment 6: 0.3 mM Cd + 15 mg/l proline; treatment 7: 1.2 mM Cd + 5 mg/l proline; treatment 8: 1.2 mM Cd + 10 mg/l proline and treatment 9: 1.2 mM Cd + 15 mg/l proline. The experiment was laid in a complete randomized design with three replications. The farm plots were irrigated on a 2-day basis. The parameters studied were lipid peroxidation, enzymatic activities, fruit yield, and proximate composition of the fruit. The result showed that Cd stress caused increase in lipid peroxidation and reduced tomato fruit yield. Application of proline to the stressed plants lowered the lipid peroxidation level, raised enzymatic activities, and increased fruit yield, and total protein content. Plots stressed with 0.3 mM Cd and sprayed with 15 mg/l proline gave fruit yield which was significantly the same with the yield of control. The study concluded that application of proline mitigated the harmful effects of cadmium stress on S. lycopersicum and hence, can be integrated into farming in cadmium-polluted area.
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    Occurrence, health implications, and management of aflatoxin in cereal: a current review
    (The Egyptian Journal of Botany (EJBO), 2024) Yusuf O. O.; Mohd, N. I.; Noraziyah, A. S.; Ismail, A. A.; Olayinka B. U.; Nurul A. Z.
    Cereals are consumed globally because of their nutritional values and potential to reduce malnutrition. Despite their usefulness, cereals are prone to aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolic products that contaminate agricultural products consumed by humans. Studies have shown that aflatoxin is found in cereals at a high level. Human exposure to aflatoxin through food and feed results in a wide range of health issues, including a weakened immune system and cancer. Worst, it can cause death depending on the level and extent of exposure. Several climate-induced factors, such as drought, can trigger aflatoxin production worldwide, especially in Africa, where the environment is conducive. Several precautions have been taken to mitigate human exposure to aflatoxin, including strict regulations, pre- and post-harvest contamination prevention, detoxification, and decontamination. In addition, good farm management and practices, and awareness creation and education can help to reduce aflatoxin contamination and exposure, if not eradicate it. The current review detailed the up-to-date information on aflatoxin occurrence, health implications, and control measures for aflatoxin in cereals to ensure food safety and human well-being. This review also illuminated the potential hazards of human exposure to aflatoxin beyond the permissible level, particularly in children.
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    Proximate and phytochemical compositions of leaf and root (cattle stick) Carpolobia lutea G.Don
    (Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2019) Olayinka B. U.; Ogungbemi, R. F.; Abinde, O. O.; Lawal, A. R.; AbdulRahaman, A. A.; Etejere, E. O.
    Carpolobia lutea is a medicinal plant commonly utilized in Nigeria to boost libido. The ethnomedicinal importance of any plant lies in some secondary metabolites. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the proximate and phytochemical composition of roots and leaves of this plant using standard methods. The proximate composition of leaves and roots showed moisture, ash, fibre, protein, fat and carbohydrate contents with values that ranged between 8.84-9.55, 3.48-3.65, 1.10-1.06, 6.64-8.39, 1.80-1.80 and 76.16-77.47% respectively. The leaves contained higher amount of ash, crude protein and fat than the roots. The results of ethanolic extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, anthocyanin, carotenoids and flavonoids in both the leaves and roots. These phytochemicals were found to be significantly higher in roots except for anthraquinones, flavonoids and steroids which were significantly higher in the leaves. Among the phytochemicals, alkaloids were found to be highest in concentration followed in decreasing order by saponins, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthocyanin, terpenoids, phenols and carotenoids. The results indicated that, C. lutea leaf and root have high nutritive and medicinal values and this could be explored for pharmaceutical purposes.