Browsing by Author "Olatunji, A"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Oxidative stress involvement in chronic chlorpyrifos -induced hepatocellular injury: Alleviating effect of vitamin C
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, 2018) Ambali, S.F.; Shittu, M; Akorede, G.J; Olatunji, A; Aremu, A; Ibrahim, N.D.G.; Ramon-Yusuf, S.B.
    Introduction: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a phosphorothionate chlorinated organophosphate (OP) insecticide is widely used in agriculture and public health. Like other OP insecticides, its main mechanism of toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to cholinergic syndrome. Since toxicity occurs at doses that do not inhibit AChE or long after its restoration, other mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress have been widely implicated. The present study was aimed at evaluating the mitigating effect of vitamin C on CPF-induced hepatocellular injury in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of five animals in each group. The four groups were exposed by gavage to soya oil (2 ml/kg), vitamin C (100 mg/kg), CPF (10.6 mg/kg~1/8th LD50) and vitamin C (100 mg/kg) + CPF (10.6 mg/kg; 30 min later), respectively for 17 weeks. The sera obtained from blood samples collected from the animals were analysed for the levels of total proteins, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), -glutamyl transferase (GGT) while globulin concentration and albumin/globulin ratio were calculated. The liver homogenate was evaluated for the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and histological changes. Results: The study showed that CPF altered the levels of the serum hepatic enzymes, hepatic MDA SOD and CAT, in addition to inducing hepatocellular degeneration. All these parameters were alleviated by pretreatment with vitamin C. Significance: CPF-induced hepatocellular injury which was partly due to oxidative changes was mitigated by vitamin C partly due to its antioxidative activity.
  • Item
    Prevalence and predictors of problematic smart phone use among university undergraduates
    (Community Health Society, Malaysia, 2023) Ogunmodede, James; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Ahmed, A; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Agede, Olalekan; Bojuwoye, Matthew; Bello, Hamza; Olatunji, A; Oyeleke, O; Adeoye, S; Babatunde, O; Omotoso, Ayotunde
    Background: A smartphone is a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded applications. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of problematic smartphone use (PSU) among university undergraduates. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional design. PSU was studied among the students using the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version (SAS-SV). Results: Mean age was 21.3+2.59 years, mostly female (55.2%). The prevalence of smartphone ownership was 99.4% (3305). 13.9% of students had PSU. Factors associated with PSU were female gender (p=0.001), owning more than one smartphone (p=0.001), time spent on making phone calls (<0.001), surfing social media (<0.001), engaging in overnight phone call/social media chat (p=0.001), use of Twitter (p=0.002), Instagram (p=0.001), Snapchat (p=0.001), YouTube (p=0.001), online gaming (p=0.002), presence of probable psychiatric morbidity (p=0.001) and insomnia (p<0.001). The predictors of PSU were female gender (OR 1.305, p=0.038), engaging in overnight calls or social media chats (OR 2.243, p=0.001), using a smartphone in bed when unable to sleep at night (OR 2.832, p=0.003), probable psychiatric morbidity (OR 1.671, p<0.001), and insomnia (OR 1.298, p=0.043). Conclusion: Compared with other studies the prevalence of PSU among our participants is relatively low. However, PSU is a potentially disruptive behavioural addiction in undergraduates. Knowing predictors of PSU offers an opportunity for preventive counselling early in the course of study of all undergraduates.