Browsing by Author "Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David"
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Item Anticoccidial effects of Morinda lucida acetone extracts on broiler chicken naturally infected with Eimeria species(Taylor & Francis, 2014-09) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Ademola, Isaiah OlufemiContext: The development of drug resistance to Eimeria species in poultry is a reality on farms. This necessitates chemotherapeutic control alternatives, and plant secondary metabolities with activity is one of those potential solutions. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of acetone leaf extract of Morinda lucida Benth. (Rubiaceae) against coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Materials and methods: Acute toxicity of the plant was investigated using 30 one-day-old broiler chicks. Anticoccidial activity investigations were carried out in birds drenched with 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg body weight (BW) of acetone extract of M. lucida leaves once a day for five days, with toltrazuril and untreated controls. The activity was evaluated by means of oocyst inhibition in feces, fecal score, weight gain, mortality and hematological parameters. Results: No sign of toxicity was observed during the acute toxicity test. Fecal oocyst counts decreased steadily in all the treatment groups with time. The anticoocidial efficacy of birds treated with 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg BW of the extract was 91.2, 95.2, 98.7, 99 and 99.5%, respectively. The packed cell volumes, red blood cell counts and white blood cell of the treated birds were not significantly different (p40.05) from the untreated control. However, haemoglobin concentration and weight gain of the treated birds were significantly different (p50.05) from the untreated control. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate the anticoccidial effect of M. lucida on Eimeria parasites. Morinda lucida leaves could therefore find application in anticoccidial therapy.Item Co-infection Dynamics of Canine Parasitic Diseases in Osun State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Approach(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria, 2019) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Hussain, Karimat; Rabiu, Musa; Ganiyu, Isau AremuMultiple parasitic co-infections are a normal occurrence in animals. A ten year (2006-2015) data of parasitic diseases diagnosed in the major Veterinary clinics in Osun state was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. The prevalence of parasitic diseases co-infection, the epidemiological risk factors and the Spearman's correlation coefficient associated with parasitic diseases co-infection was carried out to determine the dynamics of canine parasitic diseases in Osun State. A significant number of dogs were diagnosed with two or more parasitic infections at the same time. Exotic breed of dogs recorded a significant (P<0.05) lower prevalence of parasitic disease co-infections compared to indigenous and cross breeds. Young dogs were more prone to multiple parasite co-infections compared to growing and adult dogs. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) within gender as it pertains to multiple parasitic diseases co-infection. Higher number of parasite co-infections was recorded during the wet season than the dry season. There was a positive correlation between the occurrence of tick infestation with babesiosis, and tick infestation with ehrlichiosis. There is need for an improved Veterinary medical attention and hygienic practices given to dogs in the study area as multiple parasitic diseases co-infection could cause severe and adverse effect on the health, reproduction and performance of dogs.Item Direct effects of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) acetone leaf extract on broiler chickens naturally infected with Eimeria species(Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht, 2013-02-11) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Ademola, Isaiah OlufemiAvian coccidiosis is one of the most important diseases of poultry and it is responsible for a large number of all broiler mortalities worldwide. The control of this disease relies mainly on the use of anticoccidial drugs. However, herbal preparations could be an alternative for the treatment against coccidiosis in chickens. The direct effects of Moringa oleifera acetone extracts on broiler chickens naturally infected with mixed Eimeria species was investigated to determine the relative efficacy of the extracts against coccidiosis in birds. The investigations were carried out in seven groups (ten chickens per group). The birds were given various doses (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g/kg body weight) of acetone extract of leaves of M. toltrazuril® (positive control) and untreated (negative control). The extract was evaluated for anticoccidial activity by means of inhibition of oocyst output in faeces, faecal score, weight gain and mortality. Haematological indices were evaluated by standard methods. The group treated with 1.0 g/ kg body weight Moringa oleifera extract produced the least inhibitory effect on oocyst shed in the faeces (96.4 %), while the groups treated with 2.0 g/kg, 3.0 g/kg, 4.0 g/kg and 5.0 g/kg body weight of the extract produced 97.4, 98.7, 99.1 and 99.8 %, respectively. Body weight gains of infected chickens treated with the extract significantly improved (p<0.05), and faecal scores were milder. Packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red blood count of the treated birds were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the infected untreated group. Moringa oleifera leaves could find application in the treatment of avian coccidiosis in veterinary practice.Item Diversity of gastrointestinal parasites affecting some animals in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria(Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria, 2018) Karaye, Pisha Goria; Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Dogo, Goni AbrahamGastrointestinal parasitism is of great concern to the health, production potential and draft ability of animals. This study was conducted to investigate and provide additional information on the diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites affecting animals in Nigeria with emphases on Plateau State, North-central Nigeria. Feacal samples from 1,174 animals (avian 362, cattle 295, goats 147, sheep 120, pigs 54, dogs 88, rabbits 49 and rats 59) were subjected to floatation and sedimentation techniques. A variety of gastrointestinal parasites ranging from cestodes, trematodes, nematodes and protozoans were detected in the screened animals. Ascaridia galli and Eimeria tenella were the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasite found in avian species. Strongyloides papillosus, Strongyle species and Oesophagostomum radiatum were the most significant affecting cattle, while Strongyle species were the most prevalent in goats. Amongst sheep, Moniezia expansa and Cysticercus hydatigena were the most plenteous. Hyostrongylus rubidus, Ancylostoma caninum, Eimeria species and Hymenolepis nana were the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasites of pigs, dogs, rabbits and rats respectively. The result of this study shows that a variety of gastrointestinal parasites are found to infect animals in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. There is therefore a great need to curtail the effect of gastrointestinal parasites in animals so as to maximize production among animals and thereby increase the nation’s income from the animal sector.Item Gastrointestinal parasites of horses (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) in Kwara and Niger States, North-central Nigeria and the risk factors associated with equine coccidiosis(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2019) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Daodu, olufemi Babatunde; Hussain, Karimat; Ganiyu, Isau Aremu; Rabiu, Musa; Sanda, Idiat Modupe; Adah, Adole Sylvanus; Adah, Deborah Arime; Aiyedun, Julius OlaniyiAbout two-third of the parasitic infections in animals are believed to occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Coccidiosis is an important disease of horses and it is responsible for a great economic setback worldwide. This study was designed to determine the species diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of horses and the risk factors associated with Eimeria infections in horses in Kwara and Niger States, North Central Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected from 105 horses in Kwara and Niger States. Simple floatation and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques were used as diagnostic techniques. An overall prevalence of 62.86% (66/105) was recorded. Eleven gastrointestinal parasites comprising of 7 nematodes, 2 trematodes, 1 protozoan and 1 cestode were detected. Strongylus spp. (33.33%; 35/105) and Eimeria spp. (28.57%; 30/105) were the most prevalent. Forty-six (43.81%) of the sampled population had multiple gastrointestinal parasites infection. Body condition score, presence/ absence of diarrhoea and horse ownership were significantly association with the occurrence of Eimeria infection. This appears to be the first report on gastrointestinal parasites of horses in Kwara and Niger States of Nigeria. The high prevalence reported in this study calls for horse owners to improve on the veterinary medical attention given to their horses as gastrointestinal parasitism is a major cause of economic loss in equine husbandry. The curtailing of gastrointestinal parasitism will improve production, reproduction and performance of horses in the study areas.Item Haemoparasite fauna of domestic animals in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria(Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, 2018) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Karaye, Pisha Goria; Dogo, Goni AbrahamItem Occurrence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infections in Clarias gariepinus and Heteroclarias species(Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2022) Adah, Arime Deborah; Lawal, Saidu; Oniye, J. S.; Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Okunbanjo, Olayinka Oluseyi; Adah, Adakole SylvanusEimeria infection can cause a serious health risk to fish in the wild and especially to the fish production enterprise. Eimeria species are a group of protozoan parasites common in many fish farming systems with little information available on the occurrence, impact, and risks associated with the infection in fish populations. This study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infections in three hundred and seventy-six Clarias gariepinus and Heteroclarias species from some selected fish farms in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Using direct smear techniques, oocysts were recovered from the mucous and intestinal content of the fish. Data on the risk factors were obtained by administering a well-structured questionnaire to the fish farmers. An overall prevalence of 30.3 % was obtained for the apicomplexan parasite of the genus Eimeria. The monthly prevalence of Eimeria species infection among fish was highest in October and the lowest in July. Some risk factors were significantly (p <0.05) associated with fishes in the univariate model. Sex of fish, level of formal education of farmers, feeding of fish with dead poultry and fish, and the number of ponds in a fish farm were the significant risk factors in the multivariate model. This finding indicates that Eimeria species infection is endemic and of great concern among the fish population, thereby posing significant health problems. There is a need for improved fish management practices and biosecurity protocols.Item Parasitic diseases of dogs in Osun State, South-West Nigeria and its zoonotic implications(Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2018) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola DavidParasitism is one of the most common disease conditions seen in dogs especially in developing countries like Nigeria. A ten-year (2006 to 2015) retrospective study of parasitic diseases diagnosed in dogs at the major Veterinary clinics in Osun State was analysed. Out of the 2,820 cases of canine parasitic conditions presented during the study period, helminthosis had the highest occurence of 2,025(71.8%). This was followed by tick infestation, babesiosis, mange and lice infestation having 1197(42.4%), 557(19.8%), 260(9.2%) and 176(6.2%) respectively. However there was a low occurrence of trypanosomiasis 11(0.4%), ehrlichiosis 32(1.1%), flea infestation 34(1.2%) and myiasis 35(1.2%). Within the studied period, the highest occurrence of parasitism was observed in 2014 (434, 15.4%) followed by 2015(336, 11.9%) and 2013(330, 11.7%), while lowest occurrence was recorded in 2007 (182, 6.4%) followed by 2009(221, 7.8%) and 2010(221, 7.8%). March (283, 10.0%) and February (267, 9.5%) had the highest occurrence of parasitism while, August (178, 6.3%) and November (214, 7.6%) had the lowest occurrence of parasitism based on monthly distribution. Breed, age and season were significantly associated with parasitism (p<0.05). In conclusion, due to the high occurrence of parasitic diseases, it is recommended that pet owners are to pay attention to the overall welfare of their dogs as some of these parasitic disease conditions are zoonotic.Item Parasitic diseases of monkeys in Osun State, Nigeria: A ten-year retrospective study of occurrence, risk factors and coinfection dynamics(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2019) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Furo, Nathan Adamu; Olorunshola, Isaac Dayo; Adah, Deborah Arime; Aluko, OlubukolaThis study profiled the parasitic diseases diagnosed in monkeys that were presented at the Zonal (Government) Veterinary Clinics at Osogbo, Ilesa, Ede and Ikirun in Osun State over a ten year period (2006 - 2015). Information retrieved from the databases of the clinics included the age, gender, date of presentation of the monkey at the clinic as well as the specific parasitic disease(s) diagnosed. A total of eight parasitic diseases including helminthosis (83.10%), babesiosis (33.80%), tick infestation (32.39%), lice infestation (16.90%), mange (15.49%), flea infestation (11.27%), myiasis (4.23%) and trypanosomosis (1.41%) were diagnosed in monkeys during the period. Age was a common risk factor associated with the occurrence of the parasitic diseases diagnosed. Approximately 76% of the studied animal species were cases of multiple parasitic infestations running through age groups, gender and seasons. Babesiosis was moderately and positively correlated with tick infestation and the association was significant (P = 0.01; rs = 0.587). Some of the parasitic disease conditions reported in this study are zoonotic. This study creates awareness on zoonoses and serves as a referencedocument for veterinarians, medical practitioners, researchers and monkey owners/handlers. It is therefore recommended that people should exercise caution and maintain proper hygiene in their relationship with wild captive animals to reduce the risk of transmission of infections between animals and man. Public education and awareness on the possible zoonosis from such wild captive animals and the periodic screening and treatment of such animals and in-contact individuals may be useful in controlling the parasites.Item Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of laboratory animals in Ibadan, Nigeria.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2012) Ademola, Isaiah Olufemi; Ola-Fadunsin, Shola DavidItem A retrospective evaluation of parasitic conditions and its associated risk factors in sheep and goats in Osun State, Nigeria.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto., 2017-04-05) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Ibitoye, Emmanuel BusayoParasitism in small ruminants remains a great threat to the advancement of the livestock industry in most tropical countries. This study is aimed at appending and updating current literature on prevalence of parasitic diseases of small ruminants (sheep and goat) prevalent in Osun state, southwest Nigeria. A ten- year data (2006–2015) involving 321 sheep and 1,210 goats was analysed. Helminthoses (78.8% in sheep; 52.9% in goats) and mange (18.4% in sheep; 49.6% in goats) were the most prevalent parasitic diseases affecting sheep and goats and they occurred all the year round. Other parasitic diseases diagnosed during this period were babesiosis, tick infestation, myiasis, lice infestation, flea infestation, anaplasmosis, coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis. It was observed that age and sex were associated with parasitic diseases in sheep, while it was age and seasons in goats. This study shows that parasitic diseases are common among small ruminants in the state.Item Retrospective occurrence and risk factors associated with cattle parasitic infections in Osun State, Nigeria(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2017) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola DavidParasitism is one of the major constraints for profitable dairy and beef industry in tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria. Data was obtained from cattle diagnosed and treated for parasitic diseases at the major Veterinary clinics in Osun State between January 2006 and December 2016. A total of 393 cattle were treated for different parasitic diseases. Of the 393 cattle infected, 265 (67.4%) were White Fulani, 60 (15.3%) Sokoto Gudali, 42 (10.7%) Red Bororo and 26 (6.6%) Keteku breeds. Two hundred and forty two (61.6%) were young cattle while 151 (38.4%) were adult cattle. Male cattle were 146 (37.2%) of the total number, while 247 (62.8%) were female. Two hundred and ninety six (75.3%) and 97 (24.7%) cases occurred during the dry and wet seasons respectively. Helminthoses 235 (59.8%), babesiosis 6 (1.5%), trypanosomiasis 306 (77.9%), tick infestation 18 (4.6%) and mange 20 (5.1%) were the parasitic diseases diagnosed, with trypanosomiasis and helminthoses having the highest occurrence. Most cases of parasitic diseases (345/393; 87.8%) were recorded between 2006 and 2008. Three hundred and twenty (81.4%) cases were recorded in January, July and August. From the data obtained, breeds of cattle, age, sex and season were statistically associated (p<0.05) with parasitic diseases. Two hundred and seven (52.7%) of the cattle were infected with single, while 186 (47.3%) were infected with two parasites, and the difference was not significant (p>0.05). There was a significant association (p<0.05) between breeds of cattle, age, sex and seasons with the prevalence of cattle co-infected with parasites. There was a correlation between babesiosis and tick infestation. These findings showed that cattle parasitic infections are endemic in Osun State.Item Review on avian helminthoses diagnosed in Osun State Veterinary clinics, Southwest, Nigeria(Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2019) Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Abdullah, Donea; Hussain, Karimat; Rabiu, Musa; Ganiyu, Isau Aremu; Karaye, Pisha GoriaHelminthoses exerts negatively on the health and productivity of man and animals. This study was conducted to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with avian helminthoses in Osun state, Nigeria. Clinical information was retrieved from the record archives of the state veterinary clinics. Case records between January 2006 and December 2015 were examined and relevant data associated with avian helminth disease were extracted. Records on four thousand nine hundred and eighty bird types (2,088 turkeys; 1,476 layers; 384 cockerels; 12 ducks and 1,020 indigenous chickens) were used in the study. Faecal examination for the presence of helminth eggs was carried out by qualified veterinarians and laboratory scientist using the simple floatation method. An overall prevalence of 62.9% (3,132/4,980) was recorded. The year-specific rate for avian helminthoses was highest in 2011 (95.5%; 503/528) and lowest in 2007 (2.0%; 1/48), while the month-specific rate was highest in December (98.9%; 95/96) and lowest in October (15.2%; 84/552). There was a significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence in adult birds compared to young ones, in female compared to male and during the dry season compared to the wet season. Ducks (91.7%; 11/12) and turkeys (84.5%; 764/2088) were the bird types with the highest prevalence rate. The high prevalence of avian helminthoses in the study area proves that the disease is endemic. There is need to embark on a radical preventive measure to curtail the disease, for improved productivity in the poultry industry in Osun state and Nigeria.Item Tick fauna of Malaysian red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) in Bangi, Malaysia(Veterinary World, 2015-09-10) Konto, Mohammed; Fufa, Ido Gimba; Zakaria, A.; Tukur, Salamatu M.; Watanabe, M.; Ola-Fadunsin, Shola David; Khan, M. S.; Shettima, Y. M.; Babjee, S. M. A.Aim: The red jungle fowl is generally considered as one of the endangered Asian wild Galleopheasants due to manmade encroachment of their habitats, coupled with the effect of disease and disease causing organisms like ticks and tickborne infections. This study aimed to determine the tick fauna of the red jungle fowl and their predilection sites based on developmental stages. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 jungle fowls were sampled for this study from Bangi area of Selangor State, Peninsular Malaysian. The birds were captured using a locally made trap made-up of loops and bites. Ticks present on their bodies were detached using fine forceps and identified morphologically under a dissecting microscope. Results: 91% of the jungle fowls were infested with ticks, all of which belongs to the species Haemaphysalis wellingtoni. The ear region appeared to be the most common predilection site (63%) for all the developmental stages in which the larval stages are solely restricted to that region. Nymphal and adult stages were distributed on the comb, wattle, and facial region in addition to the ear region. Conclusion: This study was the first in its kind and showed a high prevalence of tick infestation among jungle fowls. H. wellingtoni was known to be a vector in transmission of many tick-borne pathogens. Therefore, there is the need for further investigation to identify the various pathogens associated with this tick.