Browsing by Author "Ojuawo, A."

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Acute Kidney Injuries in Children with Severe Malaria: A comparative study of diagnostic criteria based on serum cystatin C and creatinine levels
    (College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman, 2020) Afolayan, FM; Adedoyin, OT; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ibrahim, O.R.; Biliaminu, S.A.; Mokuolu, O.A.; Ojuawo, A.
    Objectives: Serum creatinine levels are often used to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI), but may not necessarily accurately reflect changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of AKI in children with severe malaria using diagnostic criteria based on creatinine values in contrast to cystatin C. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed between June 2016 and May 2017 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. A total of 170 children aged 0.5–14 years old with severe malaria were included. Serum cystatin C levels were determined using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidmetric assay method, while creatinine levels were measured using the Jaffe reaction. Renal function assessed using cystatin C-derived estimated GFR (eGFR) was compared to that measured using three sets of criteria based on creatinine values including the Kidney Disease: Improved Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria as well as an absolute creatinine cut-off value of >1.5 mg/dL. Results: Mean serum cystatin C and creatinine levels were 1.77 ± 1.37 mg/L and 1.23 ± 1.80 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.002). According to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria, the frequency of AKI was 32.4%, 7.6% and 16.5%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence of AKI based on cystatin C-derived eGFR was 51.8%. Overall, the rate of detection of AKI was significantly higher using cystatin C compared to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria (P = 0.003, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Diagnostic criteria for AKI based on creatinine values may not indicate the actual burden of disease in children with severe malaria.
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    Aspergillus Meningitis in a Seven-year -old Girl with AIDS: A Case Study
    (Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin, 2009) Abdulkarim, A. A.; Adeboye, M. A. N.; Ojuawo, A.
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    Cognitive Function of Primary School Children in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
    (Nigerian Society of Neurological Sciences., 2017-10) Bello, S. O.; Adeboye, M. A. N.; Saka, A. O.; Ojuawo, A.
    Background: Cognition is a measure of a child’s intelligence and reflects the child’s performance relative to that of children of the same age. The development of intelligence is critical especially in the first 1000 days of life. Cognitive capacity can be determined by the evaluation of intelligence quotient (IQ), using sets of standardized and validated tools such as the Draw-A-Person Test (DAPT). The cognitive performance of children has not been well studied in Nigeria. Objective: To determine and compare the intelligence quotient (IQ) of public and private primary school children in Ilorin. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive studies of school children aged 6- 12 years in three Local Government Areas (LGA) of Ilorin Kwara State, using multi–staged sampling techniques. A total of 16 primary schools, 8 public and 8private school pupils were recruited for the study. The Draw-A-Person Test was used to determine IQ. Results: There were 221 (46.0%) males and 259 (54.0%) females. The mean age was 9.2 ±1.8 years, and mean IQ was 98.0 ±14.1. The mean IQ of the private school children (99.6 ± 15.2) was significantly higher than that for the public school children (96.5 ± 12.9) p<0.0170. The prevalences of intellectual deficit, low IQ and superior IQ in the study population were 2.5%, 9.6% and 8.8%, respectively. Conclusions: The mean IQ of school pupils was significantly higher in private than the public schools. Superior IQ was higher among private than the public school pupils, while low IQ and intellectual deficit were higher in public school pupils.
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    Intelligence Quotient of Neurologically Impaired Children Attending Neurology Clinic in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution.
    (College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, 2018-01) Adeboye, M. A. N.; Katibi, O. S.; Adegboye, O. A.; Ojuawo, A.; Afolabi, J. K.; Buhari, O. I. N.; Adegunloye, O. A.; Bello, S. O.; Omefa, P. N.; Abdulazeez, T. A.
    Background: The need to identify the intellectual capability of Neurologically impaired children dictates their educability which can be estimated through their intelligence quotient (IQ). Draw-a-man test for IQ estimation is available, easy and has been validated in Nigeria. Method: Through a prospective, cross-sectional study that lasted 12 months (January-December, 2011), children aged 4 years and above attending neurology clinic were recruited once they have no severe motor or sensory limitations affecting their upper limbs, and can obey instruction to draw a person. Anthropometry was carried out on them and they were comfortably seated to draw a person. The parents or care givers were instructed not to make any suggestion or hint to them and no time limit was given. Their drawings were assessed using the 52 parameters of Ziler and interpreted accordingly. Ethical procedures were adhered to. Analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and an interactive calculation tool for chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence. Results: Seventy-five (45 male, 30 female) children met the inclusion criteria. Their clinical conditions were Epilepsy 48 (64%), Cerebral Palsy 6 (8%), ADHD 5 (6.7%), Down Syndrome 4 (5.3%), Speech/Hearing impairment 3 (4.0%), Hypothyroidism 2 (2.7%) and 7 (9.3%) others. Their ages ranged from 4 years to 16 years (mean±SD = 9.7± 3.8 years). Their IQ distribution were Normal 4 (5.3%), Borderline 12 (16.0%), Mild Mental Retardation 16 (21.3%), Moderate Mental Retardation 19 (25.3%), Severe and Profound Mental Retardation 24 (32.0%) with no significant difference in relation to their birth order. Conclusions: Ninety-six percent of the study population had IQ below normal. Epilepsy was the commonest condition seen in the Paediatric Neurology clinic and all categories of IQ are seen among children with epilepsy.
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    INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT OF NEUROLOGICALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN ATTENDING NEUROLOGY CLINIC IN A NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTION.
    (College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, 2018) Adeboye, M.A.N.; Katibi, O.S.; Adegboye, O. A.; Ojuawo, A.; Afolabi, J.K.; Buhari, O.I.N.; Adegunloye, O. A.; Bello, S.O.; Omefe, P. N.; Abdulazeez, T.A.
    Background: The need to identify the intellectual capability of Neurologically impaired children dictates their educability which can be estimated through their intelligence quotient (IQ). Draw-a-man test for IQ estimation is available, easy and has been validated in Nigeria. Method: Through a prospective, cross-sectional study that lasted 12 months (January-December, 2011), children aged 4 years and above attending neurology clinic were recruited once they have no severe motor or sensory limitations affecting their upper limbs, and can obey instruction to draw a person. Anthropometry was carried out on them and they were comfortably seated to draw a person. The parents or care givers were instructed not to make any suggestion or hint to them and no time limit was given. Their drawings were assessed using the 52 parameters of Ziler and interpreted accordingly. Ethical procedures were adhered to. Analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and an interactive calculation tool for chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence. Results: Seventy-five (45 male, 30 female) children met the inclusion criteria. Their clinical conditions were Epilepsy 48 (64%), Cerebral Palsy 6 (8%), ADHD 5 (6.7%), Down Syndrome 4 (5.3%), Speech/Hearing impairment 3 (4.0%), Hypothyroidism 2 (2.7%) and 7 (9.3%) others. Their ages ranged from 4 years to 16 years (mean±SD = 9.7± 3.8 years). Their IQ distribution were Normal 4 (5.3%), Borderline 12 (16.0%), Mild Mental Retardation 16 (21.3%), Moderate Mental Retardation 19 (25.3%), Severe and Profound Mental Retardation 24 (32.0%) with no significant difference in relation to their birth order. Conclusions: Ninety-six percent of the study population had IQ below normal. Epilepsy was the commonest condition seen in the Paediatric Neurology clinic and all categories of IQ are seen among children with epilepsy.
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    Mortality pattern within the first twenty four hours of emergency Paediatric admission in resource poor nation health facility.
    (West African Medical College of Physician., 2010) Adeboye, M. A. N.; Ojuawo, A.; Ernest, S. K.; Fadeyi, A.; Salisu, O. T.
    BACKGROUND: Mortality among emergency paediatric admissions within the first 24 hours is high in resource- poor nations. Measures to reduce the childhood mortality rate can only be effectively planned and implemented when the causes and magnitude of this problem are well defined. OBJECTIVE: To determine the mortality pattern among emergency paediatric admissions within the first 24 hours in a health facility in Nigeria. METHODS: The clinical state and progress of post-neonatal patients who presented alive and were admitted into the emergency paediatric room of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria were monitored over a period of six months. The monitoring included records of diagnosis and outcome of management. RESULTS: A total of 606 children were admitted during the period of study out of which 51(8.4%) died. Twenty-nine (57%) of the deaths occurred within the first 24 hours of admission comprising 15 (51.7%) males and 14 (48.3%) females giving M:F ratio of about of 1:1. Majority of the deaths were among patients who reported late to the hospital. Loss of consciousness was a strong risk factor for mortality within 24 hours of admission. The highest mortality within the first 24 hours of admission was recorded among patients with malaria (89.0%) followed by protein energy malnutrition. CONCLUSION: Majority of deaths among emergency paediatric admission occur within the first 24 hours of admission and are associated with clinical conditions such as malaria and protein-energy malnutrition for which sustained intervention strategies must be developed.
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    Ocular Findings in Children with Cerebral Palsy Attending A Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria.
    (College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences. Sierra Leone., 2015) Bodunde, O.T.; Ademola-Popoola, D. S.; Ojuawo, A.; Adeboye, M. A. N.
    Cerebral palsy is commonly associated with ocular abnormalities which often impact on their development and education. There is paucity of studies on this in Nigeria. We decided to study/ determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities among children with cerebral palsy that attended the neurology clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (UITH). A cross sectional survey of children with cerebral palsy presenting at Pediatric neurology clinic of UITH between January and December 2012 was done. Age appropriate visual acuities were checked, ocular examination was done with hand held Slit Lamp and Cycloplegic refraction and fundoscopy done with indirect Ophthalmoscope. Thirty - seven (42.5%) of 87 subjects seen within that period presented for ocular assessment. There were 24 males (64.9%) and 13 females (35.1%) with a male female ratio of 1.8:1. The age ranged between 6-168months with a mean of 50.11+ 46.51months. Thirty- three (89.2%) were delivered full term while 4(10.8%) were preterm. Spastic cerebral palsy accounted for 45.9% of all the cases seen. Strabismus was found in thirteen subjects (35.1%). This was esotropia in 7(54%) and exotropia in 6 (46%) subjects. Refractive error was found in 32(86.5%) subjects and Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) in 28(75.7%) subjects CVI, refractive errors and strabismus are the most common ocular findings in children with Cerebral Palsy in Nigeria. Early detection and early intervention is important to achieve best developmental and educational attainment. Multidisciplinary approach involving Neurologists, Ophthalmologists, and Physiotherapist is paramount in managing these children from the time of diagnosis.