Browsing by Author "Njinga, S.N."

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    Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected Pathogenic Microorganism
    (Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya, 2022) Njinga, S.N.; Lawal, B.A.; David, S.M.; Eniayewu, I.O.; Bello, N.; Shittu, A.O.; Kolawole, A.J.; Ene, O.C.; Bamidele, O.D.; Saka, K.L.; Kayode, M.S.; Rahimat, O.O.
    Drugs derived from natural sources present a significant alternative therapy in the management of infectious diseases. The increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to orthodox medicine has necessitated the search for alternative means of treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents was done using standard procedures and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-pic¬ryl-hydrazyl. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using fifteen pathogenic organisms, which included five gram-positive and seven gram-negative bacterial strains and three fungal strains using Agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition of the extract against the test organisms, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined. The extract was found to contain steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The total phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were found to be 1.427±0.02 mg/g gallic acid, 0.4239±0.19 mg/g quercetin, 5% and 75.23% respectively. The antioxidant activity at concentrations of 7.53 and 15.51 μg/mL were not statistically different from that of vitamin C (P<0.05) and the IC50 (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration) found to be 4.906 μg/mL. The zones of inhibition ranged from 22 – 47 mm while the MIC and MBC/MFC was observed to be 5 to 10 mg/mL, and 10 to 40 mg/mL respectively. The availability of phytochemicals with remarkable antioxidant activities and the demonstration of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi strains show that A. paniculata root is a potential source for the production of antioxidants as well as antimicrobial drugs.
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    Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected Pathogenic Microorganisms
    (Pharmaceutical Journal of Kenya, 2022) Njinga, S.N.; Lawal, B.A.; David, S.M.; Eniayewu, I.O.; Bellol, N.; Abiodun, Kolawole, A.J. O.S.; Ene, O.C.; Bamidele, O.D; Saka, K.L.; Kayode, M.S.; Rahimat, O.O.
    Drugs derived from natural sources present a significant alternative therapy in the management of infectious diseases. The increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to orthodox medicine has necessitated the search for alternative means of treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents was done using standard procedures and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using fifteen pathogenic organisms, which included five gram-positive and seven gram-negative bacterial strains and three fungal strains using Agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition of the extract against the test organisms, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/ MFC) were determined. The extract was found to contain steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The total phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were found to be 1.427±0.02 mg/g gallic acid, 0.4239±0.19 mg/g quercetin, 5% and 75.23% respectively. The antioxidant activity at concentrations of 7.53 and 15.51 µg/mL were not statistically different from that of vitamin C (P<0.05) and the IC50 (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration) found to be 4.906µg/mL. The zones of inhibition ranged from 22 â 47 mm while the MIC and MBC/MFC was observed to be 5 to 10 mg/ mL, and 10 to 40 mg/mL respectively. The availability of phytochemicals with remarkable antioxidant activities and the demonstration of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi strains show that A. paniculata root is a potential source for the production of antioxidants as well as antimicrobial drugs.
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    Preparation and characterization of Selfdisintegrating fast dissolving valsartan tablets using novel hybridized polymer comprising Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Acacia gum
    (Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, 2022) Shittu A.O.; Njinga, S.N.; Ogunjobi, I.
    Background: Automation of pharmacotherapy is a recently emerging therapeutic approach that depends on advanced dosage form design engineered through carefully fabricated carriers from two or more excipients. The study seeks to develop and characterised in a solid dosage form, a novel, highly functional composite polymer using a hydrophilic natural (Acacia gum) and synthetic Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) polymer via cross-linking. Methods: HPMC and Acacia gum (AG) ratio 4:0; 3:1; 2:2; 1:3 and 0:4 were cross linked using citric acid. The batches were characterised by FTIR, welling index, viscosity and pH. Five batches of powder blends were prepared using the hybridized HPMC-AG composite polymer 'F , F , F , F , and F 1 2 3 4 5 as binder in the valsartan (VAL) powder blends. The blends were evaluated for bulk density, angle of repose and compressibility index. Tablets were formulated by direct compression method using Cadmach rotary tableting machine, 12.5 mm die and compression pressure of 10 KN. The tablets parameters such as thickness, diameter, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro release studies in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). Results: The presence of the major functional groups of both polymers after cross-linking proved that there was no complex interaction after the reaction. The powder flow properties and tablets analysis for all batches F1 – F5, showed promising characteristics for an ideal tablet formulation, with average powder flow rate, tablet disintegration time, crushing strength and T90% as follow: F1 (0.10 gs-1, 16.00 min, 135 N, and 20.0 min.) respectively; F2 (0.254 gs-1, 8.48 min, 60 N, and 15.0 min.) respectively; F3 (0.269 gs-1, 10.30 mi, 85 N, and 12.0 min.) respectively; F4 (0.200 gs-1, 4.30 min, 65 N, and 8.0 min.) respectively; F5 ( 0.315 gs-1, 10.54 mi, 12 N, and 17.0 min.) respectively. The compact formulation 'F4'containing 80 mg VAL 50 mg HPMC, 150 mg AG and 120 mg cellactose have the best property for Self-Disintegrating Fast Dissolving VAL Tablet, better T90 % than the marked generic VAL tablets. Conclusion: A new 2-component composite polymer highly hydrophilic was formed from citric acid cross-linked HPMC and AG. When used with cellactose to formulate VAL tablets it compressed directly and is suitable for formulation of a new Self-Disintegrating Fast Dissolving Oral Solid Dosage Form with improved bioavailability