Browsing by Author "N. Shamna"

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    Effect of dietaryHouttuynia cordataleaf meal and leaf extract on the growth performance, nutrient utilization and expression of IGF‐I gene inLabeo rohita
    (Hindawi Limited, 2019-02-11) Chetan K. Garg; Narottam P. Sahu; N. Shamna; Ashutosh D. Deo; Femi J. Fawole; Sarvendra Kumar; Manas K. Maiti
    A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding Houttuynia cordata leaf meal and extract on the growth performance, nutrient utilization and expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Two hundred seventy fingerlings were randomly distributed in six experimental groups in triplicates. Six isonitrogenous (350 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (17 MJ/kg DE) diets were prepared with graded levels of leaf meal (LM) and leaf extract (LE), namely C (control, without LE and LM), LE‐0.25 (2.5 g/kg LE), LE‐0.5 (5 g/kg LE), LE‐1.0 (10 g/kg LE), LM‐1.0 (10 g/kg LM) and LM‐2.0 (20 g/kg LM). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher IGF‐I expression, weight gain %, specific growth rate and lower feed conversion ratio were observed in LM‐1.0 followed by LE‐1.0 group compared to control group. Higher protease activity was observed in LE‐1.0 compared to other experimental groups, while no significant changes were found for amylase and lipase activities. Compared to control, muscle alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were significantly higher in treatment groups except for LM‐2.0. These results suggest that either LE‐1.0 or LM‐1.0 can be supplemented in the diet to improve the growth of L. rohita. However, the supplementation of 10 g H. cordata leaf meal/kg feed can be the better option considering the cost of extraction.
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    Effects of detoxified Jatropha curcas protein isolate on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and physio-metabolic response of Labeo rohita fingerlings
    (Hindawi Limited, 2018-01-23) F.J. Fawole; N.P. Sahu; N. Shamna; V. Phulia; B.O. Emikpe; A.A. Adeoye; A.Z. Aderolu; O.M. Popoola
    Jatropha protein isolate was prepared following the principle of isoelectric precipitation. The isolated protein is low in fibre, lipid and ash, and high in protein and gross energy contents. The antinutritional factors such as phytic acid, tannin and trypsin inhibitor were found to decrease after protein extraction except phorbol esters (PEs), which remain bounded to the protein matrix. Thus, the protein isolate was detoxified and the PEs content reduced significantly. For the feeding trial, six isonitrogenous diets were formulated as DJP 0, DJP 25, DJP 50, DJP 75, DJP 100, or DJP 100 + lysine with detoxified Jatropha protein isolate (DJP) in replacement for soybean protein isolate (SPI) and fed to L. rohita fingerlings (3.25 ± 0.02 g) for 60 days. The weight gain percentage (WG %), specific growth rate and metabolic growth rate values among the groups showed no significant difference (p > .05), except DJP 100 fed group. The feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, and survival, digestive and hepatic aminotransferase enzymes activities were not significantly affected, whereas intestinal alkaline phosphatase and serum alanine transaminase differ significantly (p < .05). Thus, this study revealed that DJP supplemented with lysine could replace 100% SPI protein without causing any significant effects on fish performance and organ integrity.
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    Heamato-immunological and physiological responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings to dietary fermented Jatropha curcas protein concentrate
    (Elsevier BV, 2017-10) N. Shamna; Parimal Sardar; Narottam P. Sahu; Vikas Phulia; M. Rajesh; F.J. Fawole; Asim K. Pal; G. Angel
    Jatropha protein concentrate (JPC) prepared from jatropha seed cake is toxic due to the presence of phorbol ester and antinutritional factors like tannin, trypsin inhibitor, phytate and non-starch polysaccharides. JPC was detoxified by solid state fermentation (SSF) and a feeding trial of 45 days was conducted to study the response of feeding fermented JPC (FJPC) on growth, haemato-immunological and physiological responses in rohu fingerlings. Seven iso-nitrogenous diets such as control (without JPC or FJPC), J5 (5% JPC), J10 (10% JPC), J20 (20% JPC), FJ5 (5% FJPC), FJ10 (10% FJPC) and FJ20 (20% FJPC) were prepared and fed twice daily. The weight gain and specific growth rate values showed an overall, linear and quadratic trend with similar value recorded in the control and FJ fed groups. Feed efficiency also showed an overall significant effect with a higher feed efficiency value recorded in the control (60.50) group which was similar to FJ (54.21–58.37) fed groups, while JPC fed groups registered the lowest value. The haematological studies showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower red blood cells (RBC) and heamoglobin in all JPC fed groups and 5% FJPC group compared to control and other FJPC groups. The 10% and 20% JPC fed groups showed the highest blood glucose level than any other groups. Serum total protein and albumin followed similar trend as that of RBC and haemoglobin. The highest globulin value were observed in FJ10 group which was significantly different (P < 0.05) to other groups and lowest value was recorded in J20 group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver was higher in J20, while in muscle, J10 and J20 registered the highest value compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Our study revealed that protein concentrate prepared from Jatropha cake cannot be fed directly to rohu without detoxification and solid state fermentation appears to be an ideal approach. Overall, FJPC can be utilized in the diet of rohu at 20% without any detrimental effect on heamato-immunological and physiological response.
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    Morphometry and molecular characterisation of semen in four carp species
    (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 2021-06-30) N. Shamna; L. Somashekar; N. Sridhar; S. Parthipan; A. Arangasamy; S. Dasgupta; N. P. Sahu; F. J. Fawole; S. Selvaraju
    Present study aimed to compare the morphometric features of sperm and seminal protein profile of four cyprinid species viz. Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822), Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795), Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Puntius carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849) in order to elucidate quantitative characteristics of sperm morphology and seminal protein profiles within the family. Morphological studies revealed that carps have uniflagellate, acrosome less sperm with an ovoid head and irregular shaped mid piece. Size of sperm in terms of length and breadth showed significant variation among the four species studied. The sperm and seminal protein profiles of Puntius carnaticus differed from other three groups with the presence of proteins with molecular mass of 15 and 49 kDa and absence of four proteins equivalent to molecular mass of 13, 20, 21 and 23 kDa. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) analysis of sperm protein profile between Puntius carnaticus and Labe orohita revealed presence of 237 protein spots.
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    Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita : Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity
    (Elsevier BV, 2016-09) Femi John Fawole; Narottam Prasad Sahu; K.K. Jain; Subodh Gupta; N. Shamna; Vikas Phulia; D.L. Prabu
    The nutritional potential of protein isolate from rubber seed (RPI) in the diets of Labeo rohita (initial average weight 4.45 ± 0.01 g) was assessed in a 60 days feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous (32.62 ± 0.13 CP Kg−1) and isocaloric (18.47 ± 0.08 MJ kg−1) experimental diets were formulated with graded level of RPI like 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% in replacement for soybean protein isolate (SPI), and designated as Control, RPI25, RPI50, RPI75, RPI100, respectively. The RPI contributed 0%, 13%, 26%, 39% or 52% of the total dietary protein in the diets. Each diets were randomly assigned to 15 experimental tanks containing 12 fish in triplicates and fed to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance and nutrient utilization indices such as percent weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth coefficient (DGC), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention (PR) values were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments irrespective of inclusion levels of RPI. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) hepatosomatic index (HSI) was recorded in the control and RPI 50 group compared to other treatment groups (p < 0.05). The intestinal somatic index (ISI) and Survival rate were similar (p > 0.05) in all the groups. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and protein for fish fed the control and RPI 100 diets were found to be similar, while RPI 50 and RPI 75 groups exhibited a significantly lower value corresponding to the protease enzyme activity. The whole body compositions and digestive/metabolic enzymes activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control compared to the RPI fed groups. Significantly higher serum glucose level was recorded in RPI 50, while a reverse was seen in the liver glycogen contents. Overall, this study clearly showed that RPI from rubber seed can serve as alternative protein source in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings without any adverse effects on growth, nutrient utilization and physio-metabolic responses.
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    Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal in the Diet of Labeo rohita Fingerlings: Effect on Hemato‐biochemical and Histopathological Parameters
    (Wiley, 2017-08) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Narottam Prasad Sahu; N. Shamna; Femi John Fawole; Subodh Gupta; P. D. Gadhave
    Jatropha kernel meal was detoxified through the process of solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger fungus. A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) on the hemato-biochemical and histopathological parameters in Labeo rohita fingerlings (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g). A total of 180 fish were randomly distributed in 12 experimental tanks in four dietary groups, namely control (SBM-based diet), T1 (10% FJKM replacing 33.3% SBM), T2 (20% FJKM replacing 66.7% SBM), and T3 (30% FJKM replacing 100% SBM). There was no significant difference in the red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, and respiratory burst activity among the various groups, but significantly higher hematocrit value and albumin/globulin ratio were observed in the T2-fed group compared with the control. No statistical difference was found in serum glucose level of the control and FJKM-fed groups. Histopathological examination of the intestine and liver indicated no adverse effects in the control and FJKM-fed groups. Our findings revealed that FJKM can replace 100% SBM protein in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings, without any adverse effects on fish health.
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    Substitution of soybean meal with fermented Jatropha kernel meal: effect on growth performance, body composition, and metabolic enzyme activity of Labeo rohita
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-12-09) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Narottam Prasad Sahu; Femi John Fawole; N. Shamna; Subodh Gupta
    A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous (336 g kg−1) and iso-energetic (20 MJ kg−1) diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg−1 FJKM in replacement of 0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% soybean meal protein, respectively, were prepared and designated as control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A total of 180 acclimatized fish (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g) were equally distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates, and were fed their respective diets to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. Higher percent weight gain (%WG); specific growth rate (SGR); protein efficiency ratio (PER); protease, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities; and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T2 and T3 groups compared to other groups. Whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal somatic index (ISI), and amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities among the various dietary groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). Whole body composition of fish analyzed at the end of the feeding trial exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher ether extract and lower crude protein in the control group compared to the FJKM-fed groups. These results indicated that rohu fingerlings can efficiently utilize FJKM without any detrimental effect on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and metabolic response.