Browsing by Author "Mustapha, S.I"
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Item Energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Nigeria and its economic and environmental implications(Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2019) Yusuf, R.O; Adeniran, J.A; Mustapha, S.I; Sonibare, J.AAn assessment of potential biomass resources inNigeria for the production of methane and power generation is presented in this paper. Nigeria, as an underdeveloped and populous country, needs an uninterrupted source of energy. The country's energy problems have crippled large sectors of the economy. The percentage of people connected to the national grid is 40%. These 40% experience electricity supply failure on average 10–12 hours daily. Energy generation from municipal solid waste (MSW) is an effective MSW management strategy. Yearly waste generation has increased from 6,471 gigagrams (Gg) in 1959 to 26,600 Gg in 2015. This amount is projected to reach 36,250 Gg per year by 2030. Methane emission for 2015 was 491 Gg, and it is projected to reach 669 Gg in 2030. These values translate to 3.48 × 109 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity for 2015, with a projected 4.74 × 109 kWh by 2030. The revenue to be derived from the electricity that is generated could have been US$365.04 × 106 for 2015, and it is estimated that it will reach US$473.82 × 106 by 2030. It was found that methane emissions from MSW increased with time, and capturing this gas for energy production will lead to a sustainable waste management.Item Life cycle Assessment of a Petroleum Contaminated Soils Thermal Desorption Unit(Journal of Experimental Research. Published by Enugu State University of Science & Technology, 2020) Adeniran, J.A.; Mustapha, S.I; Yusuf, R.O; Baruwa, M.OEnvironmental issues involving the oil and gas industry have been growing in awareness; therefore high priority is given to waste handling and disposal. Although the thermal desorption unit (TDU) is meant to reduce the environmental damage of the waste from oil industries, it may also contribute to the damage. A way of putting this to check is by taking the life cycle assessment of the operation. This study presents the environmental impact assessment using a gate-to-gate approach of a thermal desorption unit in Nigeria, analyzed following ISO 14040 standards. GaBi software obtained from PE international was used to carry out the analysis with the management of 46,541,880kg of the waste mix for a period of 365 days considering the worstcase scenario as the functional unit. The results showed the fossil depletion is about 2,516,253 kg of oil equivalent, water depletion is 0.883 m and particles to air is close to 35% of the particles generated. Weak point analysis to show the unit with the greatest impact on the environment was also estimated by GaBi. This study proves that operation of a TDU can be certified eco-friendly.Item MODELLNG AND OPTIMISATION OF OIL EXTRACTION FROM LOOFAH (Luffa cylindrica) SEEDS USING BINARY SOLVENT MIXTURE(Turkish Chemical Society, 2019) Eletta, O.A.A; Adewoye, L.T; Mustapha, S.I; Adeniyi, A.G; Ogunleye, O.OToxicity and safety concern coupled with the recent increase in its price has necessitated the need for finding alternative solvents to n-hexane. In this study, the effect of binary solvent (ethanol/n-hexane) composition at various extraction temperatures and times on the oil yield was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Artificial neural network (ANN) was used as a modelling tool for predicting the oil yield and the performance of both ANN and RSM models was compared. The optimum oil yield (27.67%) was obtained at extraction temperature (40 °C), extraction time (151.9 min) and binary solvent composition (98% ethanol /2% n-hexane). The predicted oil yield values from ANN model was more accurate than that of RSM when compared with experimental values. The fatty acid profile revealed that the refining process promoted saturation of the extracted oil with 67.75% of palmitic acid present in refined loofah seed oil (RLSO). This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a binary mixture of ethanol and n-hexane as a suitable replacement to the commonly used toxic n-hexane solvent for the extraction of oil from loofah seeds.Item Optimization of Dye Removal from Textile Wastewater using Activated Carbon from Sawdust(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, 2018-03) Eletta, O.A.A; Mustapha, S.I; Ajayi, O.A; Ahmed, A.TThis study is aimed at developing an adsorbent from sawdust for optimum removal of dye from textile wastewater. The adsorbent was developed, characterised and, the adsorptive capability for the removal of dye was determined by optimizing the process parameters (adsorbent dosage, contact time and agitation speed) using Response Surface Methodology. The physical and chemical characterization of the effluent was carried out before and after the adsorption studies. From the results, a maximum adsorption capacity of 98.5 % was obtained at the optimized conditions of 1.5 g, 90 min and 275 rpm for adsorbent dose, contact time and agitation speed respectively. The ANOVA of the regression model showed that the model is highly significant with R2 of 0.98. Further analysis carried out revealed that, in addition to dye removal, trace metals were also adsorbed in the process. This fact was established when the concentration of copper in the wastewater was found to decrease from 0.09 ppm to 0.03 ppm corresponding to 66.7 % removal at the end of the process.Item Optimization of dye removal from textile wastewater using activated carbon from sawdust as adsorbent(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, 2018-03) Eletta, O.A; Mustapha, S.I; Ajayi, O.A; Ahmed, A.TThis study is aimed at developing an adsorbent from sawdust for optimum removal of dye from textile wastewater. The adsorbent was developed, characterised and, the adsorptive capability for the removal of dye was determined by optimizing the process parameters (adsorbent dosage, contact time and agitation speed) using Response Surface Methodology. The physical and chemical characterization of the effluent was carried out before and after the adsorption studies. From the results, a maximum adsorption capacity of 98.5 % was obtained at the optimized conditions of 1.5 g, 90 min and 275 rpm for adsorbent dose, contact time and agitation speed respectively. The ANOVA of the regression model showed that the model is highly significant with R2 of 0.98. Further analysis carried out revealed that, in addition to dye removal, trace metals were also adsorbed in the process. This fact was established when the concentration of copper in the wastewater was found to decrease from 0.09 ppm to 0.03 ppm corresponding to 66.7 % removal at the end of the process.Item OPTIMIZATION OF NICKEL (II) AND CHROMIUM (III) REMOVAL FROM CONTAMINATED WATER USING SORGHUM BICOLOR(Faculty of Technology, University of Nigerian, Nsuka, Enugu State, 2017-07) Adewoye, L.T; Mustapha, S.I; Adeniyi, A.G; Tijani, J.O; Amoloye, M.A; Ayinde, L.JA central composite design (CCD) under the response surface methodology (RSM)was used to study the effect of three adsorption variables (pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage) in order to determine the optimum process conditions for the adsorptions of Ni (II) and Cr (III) onto sulphuric acid modified sorghum bicolor activated carbon (SBAC).This study yielded removal efficiency of 98.89 % for Ni (II) and 94.27 % for Cr (III) ion under optimal conditions of pH (8), initial metal ion concentration (25 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (10 mg) and pH (7), initial metal ion concentration (5 mg/L), dosage (15 mg);respectively. Statistical analysis of variance results showed a good correlation existed between the experimental and predicted data with R2 values of 0.99 for Ni and 0.98 for Cr. The equilibrium data for Ni (II) adsorption was best described using Freundlich model while Langmuir model best fit Cr (III) adsorption. The mechanism of adsorption for both Ni and Cr adsorptions on SBAC followed Pseudo second order kinetic model.Item Optimization of the Preparation Conditions for Activated Carbon from Locust Bean Pod (Parkia biglobosa) Using Factorial Design Approach(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Kwara State., 2018) Eletta, O.A.A; Mustapha, S.I; Tijani, J.O; Adewoye, L.T; Mohammed, I.AThis study focused on the optimization of the preparation parameters (impregnation concentration, activation temperature and activation time) on the yield and adsorption potential of activated carbon (AC) prepared from Locust bean pod (Parkia biglobosa) using the chemical activation method based on factorial design. The two linear regression models developed from the factorial experimental design using Design Expert Software – 6.0.8 was used to determine the optimum production conditions required to provide a compromise between the AC yield and methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency from aqueous solution. The results demonstrated maximum AC yield of 41.6% and MB removal efficiency of 95.4% under the following optimum preparation conditions; H3PO4 impregnation concentration (60 %), activation temperature (444.4 oC) and activation time (30 min). This study showed that the experimental values obtained were in good agreement with the values predicted from the models under the applied conditions.Item Optimization of the Preparation Conditions for Activated Carbon from Locust Bean Pod (Parkia biglobosa) Using Factorial Design Approach(2018) Eletta, O.A; Mustapha, S.I; Tijani, J.O; Adewoye, L.T; Mohammed, I.AThis study focused on the optimization of the preparation parameters (impregnation concentration, activation temperature and activation time) on the yield and adsorption potential of activated carbon (AC) prepared from Locust bean pod (Parkia biglobosa) using the chemical activation method based on factorial design. The two linear regression models developed from the factorial experimental design using Design Expert Software – 6.0.8 was used to determine the optimum production conditions required to provide a compromise between the AC yield and methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency from aqueous solution. The results demonstrated maximum AC yield of 41.6% and MB removal efficiency of 95.4% under the following optimum preparation conditions; H3PO4 impregnation concentration (60 %), activation temperature (444.4 oC) and activation time (30 min). This study showed that the experimental values obtained were in good agreement with the values predicted from the models under the applied conditions.Item OPTIMIZATION STUDIES OF TURBIDITY REMOVAL IN ASA RIVER WATER USING CARICA PAPAYA SEED AS COAGULANT(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, 2017) Eletta, O.A.A; Mustapha, S.I; Onyema, SThis study evaluated the potential of Carica papaya Seed (CPS) as a coagulant for water treatment. Surface water samples from Asa River in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria were collected for the study. The trace metal levels were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP- MS). Treated CPS was obtained from its seed using soxhlet extraction in ethanol .It was then applied for the removal of turbidity and trace metals in the surface water samples. The trace metal results showed the presence of Cu (6.07 ppb), Fe (394.16 ppb), Cr(21.50 ppm), Zn (6.69 ppb) and Ti (13.08 ppb) in the samples of the river water. Optimization studies was carried out for turbidity removal using Full Central Composite Design (FCCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results obtained showed that the maximum turbidity removal of 94.92% was achieved at optimum conditions; coagulant dose (0.47 g), contact time (15.17 min) and agitation speed (791.33 rpm). Also, all the trace metals were found to be below detection limit after contacting with the modified Carica papaya seed.Item Optimization studies of turbidity removal in Asa river water using Carica papaya seeds as coagulant.(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso., 2017) Eletta, O.A; Mustapha, S.I; Onyema, SThis study evaluated the potential of Carica papaya Seed (CPS) as a coagulant for water treatment. Surface water samples from Asa River in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria were collected for the study. The trace metal levels were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP- MS). Treated CPS was obtained from its seed using soxhlet extraction in ethanol .It was then applied for the removal of turbidity and trace metals in the surface water samples. The trace metal results showed the presence of Cu (6.07 ppb), Fe (394.16 ppb), Cr(21.50 ppm), Zn (6.69 ppb) and Ti (13.08 ppb) in the samples of the river water. Optimization studies was carried out for turbidity removal using Full Central Composite Design (FCCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results obtained showed that the maximum turbidity removal of 94.92% was achieved at optimum conditions; coagulant dose (0.47 g), contact time (15.17 min) and agitation speed (791.33 rpm). Also, all the trace metals were found to be below detection limit after contacting with the modified Carica papaya seed.Item Recent developments in immobilizing titanium dioxide on supports for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater- A review(Springer, 2017-04) Alhaji, M.H; Sanaullah, K; Khan, A; Hamza, A; Muhammad, A; Mustapha, S.I; Rigit, A.R.H; Bhawani, S.AThis review focuses on the various types of supports used for immobilization of titanium dioxide nanomaterial catalyst for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Several supports suitable to particular immobilization technique used for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater streams are explained. In general, a coating of catalyst on supports is carried out either by physical (e.g., thermal treatment) or by chemical (e.g., sol–gel). Among a range of the supports used, some of the prominent ones include glass, silica, activated carbon, stainless steel, cellulose, clay. Also, characterization methods in use such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and UV-spectroscopy are discussed. The operating parameters such as temperature for the selected immobilization techniques are also explainedItem Removal of Lead and Chromium from Aqueous Solution onto Flamboyant (Delonix regia) Pod Activated Carbon(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Kwara State., 2017-12) Mustapha, S.I; Adewoye, L.T; Aderibigbe, F.A; Alhaji, M.H; Adekola, M.I; Tijani, I.AThe contamination of water by potentially toxic elements is considered a global problem. It calls for a safe, economic and technological approach in order to curb and prevent the devastating effect of the menace on both human and the aquatic life. In the light of this background, the adsorption potential of flamboyant pod activated carbon (FPAC) for the removal of chromium and lead from aqueous solution was studied. The effect of contact time, pH, initial concentration as well as adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency of both metal ions was investigated via batch adsorption. Characterization of the FPAC adsorbent was done using Brunaur Emmett Teller and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The maximum adsorption capacity Qe was found to be 34.48 and 16.13 mg/g for Pb (II) and Cr (VI), respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model showed a better fit to the equilibrium data than the Freundlich isotherm model. The mechanism of adsorption for both metal ions onto the FPAC agrees well with pseudo second order kinetic model. The results showed that FPAC has excellent adsorption properties and thus can be used as an effective low-cost adsorbent for the removal of lead and chromium ions from aqueous solution.