Browsing by Author "Mohammed, S"
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Item Epidemiology and Clinicopathological Manifestation of Resurgent Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus in Nigeria, 2015(Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2016-09) Akanbi, Olatunde; Meseko, Clement; Odita, Christiana; Shittu, Ismalia; Rimfa, Amos; Ugbe, Dominic; Pam, Luka; Gado, Dorcas; Olawuyi, Kayode; Mohammed, S; Kyauta, I; Bankole, Niyi; Ndahi, W; Joannis, Tony; Ahmed, M; Okewole, P; Shamaki, DavidIn January, 2015 the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria received some chicken carcasses from the Kano state Ministry of Agriculture. The carcasses were from a backyard-commercial poultry farm and a live bird market (LBM) in Kauna and Sabon gari, Kano state, northwestern Nigeria respectively. The farm kept different types of chickens of various ages and stages and was experiencing high mortality of 350 birds daily with eventual 100% mortality observed in the older birds (54weeks). In a concurrent incidence, reports were received of unusual high mortality of birds brought from the northern part of the country at two LBMs in Onipanu and Mushin, Lagos state, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 8 chicken carcasses from the Kano suspicion were subjected to postmortem examination and testing. One broiler-chicken (4weeks old), 4 layer-chicken (22 weeks old) and 3 indigenous bred-chickens (from LBM) showed severe pathological lesions consistent with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Moribund birds from the Lagos suspicion had cyanotic comb and wattles, torticollis and paralysis of the limbs. Parenchymatous organs, nasal and trachea swabs were collected from the dead and moribund birds respectively. The specimens were analyzed by RT-PCR and virus isolation in embryonating chicken eggs. All samples were found to be positive for HPAI (H5N1) subtype. This marks the re-introduction of HPAI (H5N1) subtype into Nigeria for a second time in the space of 9-years. So far, over 542 cases (January to December, 2015) have been confirmed positive for HPAI (H5N1) in 20 states of the country. Possible circumstances surrounding the resurgent and spread are discussed herein.Item Perception of Physicians and Allied Health Care Workers of Pharmacists’ role in care optimization for schizophrenic patients at Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, North-Eastern, Nigeria(Association of Physicians of Bangladesh., 2019) Giwa, A; Yusuf, H; Mohammed, S; Aguye-Abdu, S.N; Dungus, F.M; Sani, A; Ashemi, FIntroduction: In clinical practice, it is required that a profession not only clearly describe their own roles and responsibilities to other professionals but should also be aware of other professions’ roles in relation to their own. The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of physicians and allied health care workers (Other health care professionals) of the roles of pharmacists in optimizing care for schizophrenic patients. Methods: A self-administered 17-item validated questionnaire was distributed to 120 health care professionals working at Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Maiduguri from September to October 2016. Results obtained were analysed using Chi-square test. Results: Health care professionals mostly had positive perceptions with a statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) across all assessed items. However, competent and knowledge of the pharmacists accounting for 93 (83.8%), involvement of the pharmacist in patient care accounting for 91(82%) and reassuring patients to improve quality of life accounting for 98(88.3%) had the highest number of health care professionals with positive perceptions while documenting patient care, monitoring and reemphasizing physicians instructions had the lowest accounting for 69 (62.2%), 74(66.7%) and 74 (66.7%) respectively in the different sections. Conclusions: The health care professionals surveyed mostly had positive perceptions. Thus, pharmacists can leverage on this to meet their roles in optimizing care for schizophrenic patients.Item Perception of Schizophrenia Patients on the Roles of Pharmacists in Care Optimization(Published by Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri., 2017) Giwa, A; Yusuf, H; Mohammed, S; Samira N Abdu-Aguye, A-A; Nasiru Y, I; Mustapha, A. AItem The role of Pharmacists in optimizing care for schizophrenic patients at a Tertiary Health Facility in Maiduguri, North-Eastern, Nigeria.(Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, 2018) Giwa, A; Yusuf, H; Mohammed, S; Maaji, H.U; Aguye-Abdu, S.N; Dungus, F.M; Suleiman, H.O; Siyaka, LVarious drug treatment options, frequent occurrence of side effects and low antipsychotic medication compliance all give pharmacists an important role to play in the overall successful treatment of patients with schizophrenia. This study was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in October 2016 that aimed at assessing the extent to which pharmacists were involved in optimizing care for schizophrenic patients at the Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. All pharmacists working at the institution were administered a 18 item validated self-administered questionnaire, with their responses measured on a five point rating scale of: never, rarely, sometimes, most of the times and always. Majority of the pharmacist were positively involved in traditional pharmaceutical duties like determining drug formulary (62.5%) and identification and resolution of drug therapy problems (81.2%). Majority of them were also involved in maintaining a good relationship with schizophrenic patients (68.7%), discussing side effects of their medication (56.2%) and maintaining open and effective means of communication with other health care professionals (81.2%). Conversely, less than half reported positive involvement under the relatively newer roles such as following up patients (37.5%) and documentation of interventions (18.7%). Pharmacists need to be better educated on the importance of their roles in optimizing care for schizophrenic patients. Educational trainings should be organized both by the pharmacists themselves, and at the hospital level in collaboration with other healthcare professionals.Item Validity evidence of adapted hausa version of 8-item Marisky Medication Adherence Scale in patients with hypertension in North Western Nigeria(Bayero University, Kano., 2018) Giwa, A; Labaran, K.S; Mohammed, S; Maiha, B.B; Maaji, H.U; Yusuf, H; Ibrahim, A.WAdherence to antihypertensive medication is the cornerstone for achieving hypertension control. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) is one of the most widely used reported medication adherence measures. The aim of this study was to examine the evidence of the validity of adapted Hausa MMAS in assessing adherence among hypertensive patients in North Western Nigeria. In a longitudinal interventional study of individuals with hypertension, self reported adherence to the antihypertensive drug treatment was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale consistency of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 with crobanch's alpha factorial validity was assessed by identifying the underlying components using principal component analyses (PCA). A total of 130 individuals completed the study. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.79. Two components were identified. One component comprised six items: stopping medication when hypertension is under control, stopping when feeling hassled about sticking to the prescription. The second component comprised two other items that were all related to forgetfulness. A significant relationship between MMAS and diastolic blood pressure control (t = 2.2; p = .030), (χ2 = 6.6; p = .036) was found. The MMAS sensitivity and specificity, with positive and negative predictive values were 36%, 77%, 64%, and 52% respectively. The results suggest that the adapted Hausa Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 is a two-dimensional scale assessing intentional (first component) and unintentional (second component) non-adherence to the antihypertensive drug treatment. The findings of this validation study indicate that the Hausa version of the MMAS is a reliable and valid measure of medication adherence among hypertensive patients in North-western Nigeria.