Browsing by Author "Mbombo. J.M.K."

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    An Appraisal of the Liberal Peace Model in Conflict-prone Africa: A Study of Democratic Republic of Congo
    (Department of Peace and Conflict Resolution, Faculty of Social Science, National Open University of Nigeria, 2023) Mbombo. J.M.K.
    Since the end of the Cold War, the international community spearheaded by the United Nations Organisation (UN) has been involved in conflict zones by ways of helping conflict-torn states to sign ceasefire agreements with rebel groups, monitoring power-sharing transitions and funding general elections. Renowned scholars have decried this one-size-fits-all approach as an attempt to transplant the liberal peace on hostile grounds beyond the Western world. Central to the paper is the question as to why this peace theory that explains the peaceful relationships among Western democracies has become a cure for dysfunctional and violent states in Africa. Using the Democratic Republic of Congo as a typical case study of Western engineering for more than two decades, the paper adopts the literature review approach in gathering secondary data and reopens the debate on the merits of the liberal peace model in conflict zones. The study unveils the misreading of Kant’s theory of peace with its attendant divide (in theory) between the West and the rest. It proposes as alternative, the human peace model to advance the common good, irrespective of culture, religion and nationality. Such a bottom-up model is apparent in selfless actions that are in the reach of every individual by virtue of God’s given talents.
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    Borders that continue to bother us: Rethinking Cross-border Security and Cooperation in East and West Africa
    (2016-01) Sesay Amadu; Mbombo. J.M.K.
    Poorly delineated and porous borders testify to the reality that Africa and Africans can never say 'goodbye to Berlin'. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) legitimised the impunity and 'ignorance' at Berlin in 1884/85 when it endorsed the inherited colonial borders at the Cairo summit in 1964. Borders have therefore continued to bother African States and their citizens in diverse ways that have posed a variety of important security challenges, ranging from border skirmishes to trans-border criminality, health pandemics and more recently, local and global terrorism, all of which have impacted negatively on governance, economic development and human security. In East Africa, for example, the need to promote economic development witnessed the creation of the East African Community (EAC) in 1967, which was disbanded in 1977 ostensibly due to political disagreements between Uganda and Tanzania. Indeed the invasion of Uganda by Tanzanian troops in 1979 led to the downfall of the Idi Amin regime. More than a quarter of century later, the EAC was resuscitated in 2000 and expanded to five countries with the accession of Rwanda and Burundi in 2007. In February 2013, a Protocol on Peace and Security was ratified by the five Partner States, Article 6(1) of which states: "The Partner States agree to cooperate in counter terrorism measures within the community." However, the fight against al-Shabaab appears to have been left to Kenya alone rather than the explicit concern of that community....
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    Disaster Management, Sustainable Development Goal 16 and Persons with Disabilities in Nigeria
    (National Institute for Security Studies, 2018-12) Mbombo. J.M.K.; Ejechi. R.O.
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    DRC in the Great Lakes Region: Breaking the Pack of impunity
    (National Institutefor Security Studies, Abuja, 2020) Mbombo. J.M.K.
    For many decades despite its abundant natural resources, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has remained a theatre of impunity in the form of untrammeled exploitation of its abundant natural resources, proxy rebellions and networked wars resulting in underdevelopment, massacre and internal displacement of local populations, recurrent pandemics, human rights violations and many more ills. Sharing its boundaries with nine states, this vast land occupies a geo-strategic position location that brings it into many regional organizations. The study attempted to do justice to the country’s multifaceted integration so as to make sense of the prevailing context of insecurity in the Great Lakes region. Based on secondary data, this case study laid emphasis on the new leadership in DRC in the light of the theory of nonviolence as a strategic way of breaking the pack of impunity while promoting national unity and peace across international borders. The paper found out that the country could claim a leadership position in stabilizing the region if the incumbent ramps up the application of the rule of law, the fight against corruption and the policy of good neighbours that would deprive armed groups of safe havens in east DRC.
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    Security Concerns of Internal Displacement: A Case Study of Non-Camp Setting in Kwara State
    (Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria, 2023-12) Mbombo. J.M.K.; Shittu, O.M.
    Internal displacement forces displaced persons to seek refuge in territories that are considered to be safer, including outside officially designated camps. This development brings up security concerns for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communications, thus increasing the likelihood of conflict. This paper set out to unveil the existence of IDPs in non-camp settings (NCS) in Kwara State, examine the security implications associated with their covert presence, and evaluate the strategies put in place by the State Government to address them. The study adopted a mixed method approach, in which 200 copies of a questionnaire were distributed to local participants in selected towns, out of which 188 copies were retrieved. A snowball technique was used to identify unregisteredIDPs while a purposive sampling technique was useful in the selection of key informants for interviews.The study found thatthe securityimplications of hosting IDPs were numerous: feelings of insecurity,a threat to physical and mental health, a threat to life, vulnerability to harassment; increasing demographic imbalance, and condescending attitude of the host population among others.The study concluded that a high level of impoverishment in NCS threatens human security for the host population, as well as for IDPs,specifically, personal, community, economic and environmental security. The study recommended that the Kwara State Government should synergize with relevant stakeholders and the local communities, to identify and profile all victims of internal displacement for an effective response to security challenges.
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    Security Concerns of Internal Displacement: A case study of Non-Camp Settings in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, IBB University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria, 2023-12) Mbombo. J.M.K.; Shittu, O.M.
    Internal displacement forces displaced persons to seek refuge in territories that are considered to be safer, including outside officially designated camps. This development brings up security concerns for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communications, thus increasing the likelihood of conflict. This paper set out to unveil the existence of IDPs in non-camp settings (NCS) in Kwara State, examine the security implications associated with their covert presence, and evaluate the strategies put in place by the State Government to address them. The study adopted a mixed method approach, in which 200 copies of a questionnaire were distributed to local participants in selected towns, out of which 188 copies were retrieved. A snowball technique was used to identify unregisteredIDPs while a purposive sampling technique was useful in the selection of key informants for interviews.The study found thatthe securityimplications of hosting IDPs were numerous: feelings of insecurity,a threat to physical and mental health, a threat to life, vulnerability to harassment; increasing demographic imbalance, and condescending attitude of the host population among others.The study concluded that a high level of impoverishment in NCS threatens human security for the host population, as well as for IDPs,specifically, personal, community, economic and environmental security. The study recommended that the Kwara State Government should synergize with relevant stakeholders and the local communities, to identify and profile all victims of internal displacement for an effective response to security challenges.