Browsing by Author "Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo"

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    Alleviation of Drought Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) Using Organic Mulch
    (NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2022) Isiaka, Kareem; Ilerioluwa, O.I.; Yusuf, S.Y.; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.
    Despite the importance of tomato in human nutrition, occurrence of drought stress constitutes a major bane to its bountiful production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of organic mulch in improving growth, yield and quality of water stressed tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The six treatments used in the experiment were normal irrigation with zero mulch, drought stress with zero mulch and drought stress with mulch at the rates of 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha, 20tons/ha and 25tons/ha. The organic mulch material used was maize husk and the tomato variety tested was Platinum 107 F1. Water deficit treatment was imposed at flowering stage (five weeks after transplanting (5WAT)) by applying 50% field capacity as irrigation water. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant and mass of fruit yield per plant. Furthermore, leaf proximate compositions (crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content and dry matter) and leaf chlorophyll content were determined. All the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Results from this research work showed that stressed plants without mulch application had a drastic reduction in all the measured parameters. The plants subjected to drought and treated with 20tons/ha mulch showed higher plant height, number of branches and yield as well as chlorophyll, fiber and ash content compared to the plants treated with 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha and 25t/ha mulch. It is, therefore, concluded that 20tons/ha mulch be used for alleviating drought stress condition in Platinum 107 F1 tomato variety in the study area when all the conditions in this research are maintained.
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    INFLUENCE OF SEED PRIMING ON YIELD, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-DEFICIT STRESSED LOWLAND RICE
    (Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology,, 2021) Kareem, Isiaka; Ismail, M.R.; Puteh, A.B.; Kareem, S.A.; Lawal, O.I.; Adekola, O.F.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.; Abdulaziz, Ayinla; Ahmed, Oladimeji; Baba, H.S.; Kuranga, H.A.; Lawal, Q.O.; Musa, A.I.; Yusuf, Sa'adat Yetunde; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Oyelade, Y.O.
    One of the potential ways of increasing rice production to cater for ever increasing population of Malaysia is to extend the production area of lowland rice through its production as upland rice. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of seed priming in alleviating water deficit stress in lowland rice produced as upland rice. The treatments used were 100mM calcium chloride dihydrate for duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 40% w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 for a duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 100ppm kinetin for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, 200ppm methyl jasmonate for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, stressed control (unprimed seeds) and the unstressed control (unprimed seeds with adequate irrigation). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on classical growth parameters, germination pattern, gas exchange characteristics, yield and yield components. It was found that priming MR219 rice with PEG could enable the variety to be produced as upland rice with little yield reduction because PEG priming was the best in individual seed mass, final yield, harvest index and water use efficiency. It is, therefore, concluded that 48hours of priming with 40%w/v polyethylene glycol at 25oC be used for MR219 rice seeds whenever MR219 rice variety is to be cultivated as upland rice.
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    INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Citrus sinensis (L.) and Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) EXTRACTS AGAINST Trogoderma granarium Everts
    (Agriculture and forestry, 2016) Musa, Abdulrasak Kannike; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo
    In this study, ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis (L.) (leaves/peels) and Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) (leaves/seeds) were screened for insecticidal activity against 4th larval instar and adults of khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera:Dermestidae). Also examined were percentage seed damage, seed weight loss and viability of the seeds. Decorticated seeds of groundnut were treated with different concentrations (1, 3 and 5%) of the extracts against the adults while 5% concentration was tested against the larvae. The bioassay showed that the extracts had larvicidal and adulticidal activities which increased with increase in concentration and exposure time. The seed damage data were used to estimate the Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) indicating that P. biglobosa seed extract was the most effective with a BPI of 20.14%. The results of this study showed that C. sinensis and P. biglobosa extracts possess some insecticidal activity which may be associated with the presence of secondary metabolites (saponins, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and phenols in them, This report shows that P. biglobosa seed extract could be recommended as a source of insecticidal agent in a pest management technique.
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    Pesticidal evaluation of teak and almond ethanol leaf extracts against two insect pests of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.)
    (Tropical Agriculture, 2022) Yusuf, Sa'adat Yetunde; Musa, Abdulrasak Kannike; Suleiman, Mustapha; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo
    The cultivation of sweet potatoes is constrained by insect pests. This had led to the use of synthetic insecticides which are unsafe for humans and the environment. Although various studies have investigated the single application of plant material to control pests, this study employed the combination of two botanicals to suppress them. The aim was to evaluate the pesticidal effectiveness of teak and almond ethanol leaf extracts against Phyllotreta cruciferae and Cylas puncticollisinfesting sweet potato. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design with three replications. The various treatments employed were single applications of almond (AL) and teak leaf (TL) extracts at 15% and 25% concentrations; mixed application of AL and TL extracts at AL15% + TL15%, AL15% + TL25%, AL25% + TL15% and, AL25% + ATL25% respectively, cypermethrin (0.15%) and a control. Data were collected on the number of the insect pests after treatments, sweet potato yield, and phytochemical screening of the botanicals. Analysis of variance indicated that the combination of AL and TL at 25% each significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lowered the population of insect pests to a level comparable to cypermethrin and lower than the single applications of the botanicals. There was a significant increase in yield on plots treated with AL + TL at 25% concentration each. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of some bioactive compounds in the botanicals. The combination of different botanicals may be a plausible sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides in pest management
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    Sesamum indicum and Trichilia heudelotii N-hexane and Ethanol Extracts: Ef-fective Remedy Against Callosobruchus maculates F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomeli-dae) Infesting Cowpea Grains
    (Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2020-11) Ilesanmi, T.O.; Awolola, G.V.; Uddin II, R.O.; Suleiman, Mustapha; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo
    Synthetic pesticides usage to prevent cowpea weevils have been reported to be harmful, sometimes leading to the untimely demise of consumers by ingestion of contaminated grains. To save lives, efforts are intensely made to seek after safer alternatives one in particular, is the use of plant based biopesticides. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of N-hexane and ethanol extracts of both sesame leaf and seed and; Trichilia heudelotii leaf to control Callosobruchus maculatus infesting grains of cowpea. Methods employed involved dressing cowpea seeds (100 g) with the botanical extracts at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml respectively. Next, six pairs of newly emerged adult C. maculatus were introduced into glass vials containing treated seeds in three replicates and observation was conducted for; adult mortality; emergence of larvae, pupae, and new adults of the insect; weight loss of cowpea grains and; qualitative phytochemical screening. Results presented revealed that the N-hexane and ethanol extracts of both sesame and T. heudelotii were significantly (p < 0.05) effective mostly at 1.5 ml in controlling the weevil when compared to the control. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of some useful bioactive compounds in the extracts. Observation on weight loss of cowpea revealed that all the various treatment especially at 1.5 ml sustained a significant (p < 0.05) weight compared to the control (40.00±6.67) which was lower. A plausible usage of homemade biopesticide using sesame and T. heudelotii could be suggested as additives to cowpea grains in the control of C. maculatus
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    Stressful Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Starter Dose on Nodulation, Growth, Proximate Composition and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max)
    (NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2022) Kareem, Isiaka; Lawal, Q.O; Olayinka, B.U; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Yusuf, Sa'adat Yetunde
    Despite the fact that high nitrogen content in the soil can impede nodule formation in soybean, the need for addition of nitrogen fertilizer as a starter dose to supplement the actions of N-fixing bacteria is a necessity because it restores the drained nutrient and results in high yield. To evaluate the stressful effects of different rates of N fertilizer starter dose, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer starter dose on nodulation, growth, proximate composition and yield of soybean. Urea was applied at the rates 0, 50, 75 and 100 kgN/ha at planting using side placement method. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Growth assessment was through taking data on plant height, number of branches, number of leaves and internode length. Also, data on nodulation, yield and yield attributes were taken. Proximate compositions (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content) were also determined. It was found that 100 kgN/ha of N-fertilizer improved the total nodulation by 33.95% compared with the control. The yield was greatest with application of 100 kgN/ha compared with other application rates because there was 20% yield increase compared with the control. For the proximate composition, crude protein content was 7% above the control with application of 50 kgN/ha. Furthermore, crude fat content was 37% better than the control with the application of 100 kgN/ha. It was concluded that for profitable soybean production in the study area, the use N fertilizer like urea at 50 kgN/ha as a starter dose is recommended because of its cheapness and high yield that resulted from its application to the crop. Finally, nitrogen starter dose up to 100kgN/ha did not constitute stress to production of soybean variety under test.
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    Suppression of damaging effects of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by plant powders
    (Agrosearch, 2019-09-11) Yusuf, Sa'adat Yetunde; Musa, Abdulrasaq Kannike; Adebayo, A.G; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo
    Powders prepared from plant species available in Nigeria are reported to possess ovicidal, larvicidal, pesticidal, antifeedant and repellent properties against various insect pests and are regarded as environmentally compatible pesticides. This study evaluated the action of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Hyptis suaveolens Poit. Piper guineense Thonn. & Schum and Cymbopogon citratus Gaern against the damaging effects of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in stored cowpea. The experiment was carried out at temperature of 30 ± 1oC and relative humidity of 72 ± 3%. The plant powders were compared at the rate of 2.5 g per 50 g cowpea seeds including the untreated control. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that all the botanicals gave protection to the stored cowpea seeds and significantly (p<0.05) reduced mean adult emergence and seed weight loss (3.75-4.06%) caused by C. maculatus when compared with the untreated control (6.07%). The number of emerged adults from untreated seeds progressively increased with time of exposure compared to the treated seeds. The increasing order of effectiveness of the botanicals in terms of their insecticidal activities against C. maculatus was P. guineense, C. citratus, H. suaveolens, and A. indica. The study, therefore, shows that the botanicals could serve as protectants against C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds.