Browsing by Author "Lawal, B.A"

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    Anti-inflammatory and Diuretic Activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) and Andrographis paniculata Burm. f. (Acanthaceae) Co-administered in Rats
    (Published by the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2016) Lawal, B.A; Salawu, K.M; Agunu, A.; Adedoyin, I.R.; Abdulganiy, G.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.
    Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) and Andrographis paniculata Burm.f. (Acanthaceae) are commonly used medicine plants in several parts of Nigeria. The leaf extract of M. oleifera (MO) has been extensively studied and used traditionally for its anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities. Because of the wide medicinal benefits of these plants they are often used together in polyherbal formulation(s). This study was aimed at evaluating some biological activities of MO and A. paniculata (AP) administered singly and in combination. This aim was pursued using in vivo acute toxicity study, formalin induced rat paw edema and diuretic assay. The leaf extracts MO and AP were observed to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract of MO and AP at 100 mg/kg body weight displayed 69.44 and 10.10 % inhibition of rat paw edema respectively, while the combination of extract elicited weaker inhibition (11.29 %) of paw volume. The extract of MO and AP when administered singly and in various combination at different doses elicited similar diuretic activity compared to the hydrochlorothiazide except at a combined dose of MO 50 mg/kg + AP 50 mg/kg, where the urine volume (1.27±0.60 mL) was lower compared to the negative control (1.62±0.52 mL). The extracts of MO and AP were observed to be relatively safe. The extract of MO had significant anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities compared to AP. However the combination of both plants extracts led to inhibition of the anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of MO.
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    Anti-Inflammatory and Diuretic Activities of the Methanol Leaf Extracts of Moringa Oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) and Andrographis Paniculata Burm. F. (Acanthaceae)
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016) Lawal, B.A; Salawu, K.M; Agunu, A; Adedoyin, I.R; Abdul-Ganiy, G.O; Ayanniyi, R.O
    Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) and Andrographis paniculata Burm.f. (Acanthaceae) are commonly used medicine plants in several parts of Nigeria. The leaf extract of M. oleifera (MO) has been extensively studied and used traditionally for its anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities. Because of the wide medicinal benefits of these plants they are often used together in polyherbal formulation(s). This study was aimed at evaluating some biological activities of MO and A. paniculata (AP) administered singly and in combination. This aim was pursued using in vivo acute toxicity study, formalin induced rat paw edema and diuretic assay. The leaf extracts MO and AP were observed to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract of MO and AP at 100 mg/kg body weight displayed 69.44 and 10.10 % inhibition of rat paw edema respectively, while the combination of extract elicited weaker inhibition (11.29 %) of paw volume. The extract of MO and AP when administered singly and in various combination at different doses elicited similar diuretic activity compared to the hydrochlorothiazide except at a combined dose of MO 50 mg/kg + AP 50 mg/kg, where the urine volume (1.27±0.60 mL) was lower compared to the negative control (1.62±0.52 mL). The extracts of MO and AP were observed to be relatively safe. The extract of MO had significant anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities compared to AP. However the combination of both plants extracts led to inhibition of the anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of MO.
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    Bacteriology of Some Liquid Herbal Products Sold in Ilorin- Kwara State Nigeria
    (University of Benin, 2019-12) Bello, R.H; Olutayo, A.O; Abdulrazaaq, K.O; David, M.S; Abdulmalik, A.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y; Salami, O.T; Lawal, B.A; Akerele, J.O
    Purpose: This study aims to establish the safety and/or potential public health dangers associated with the consumption of liquid herbal preparations (LHP) sold in Ilorin-Kwara State. Methods: Ten LHPs were randomly collected from three locations, kept under cold chain and transported to the Laboratory. All samples were evaluated for bacterial load using aerobic plate count method and bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, Gram negative bacteria were identified using 12A Microbact ® Identification kits. Results: Sixty percent (60%) were fresh and faint, 4 (40%) were stale and putrid in smell as well as free of foreign matter. pH and bacterial load of samples ranged from 3.60 to 9.75 and 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL respectively. Five (5) genera of bacteria, namely; Klebsiella species 10 (29.41%), Bacillus subtilis 8 (23.53%), Enterobcter spps. 7 (20.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 6 (17.65%) and Serretia marcescens 3(8.82%) were isolated from these LHPs. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim combination. Amoxocillin clavulanate was active against 62.50% of K. pneumonia and S. marcescens isolates. Also 50% of K. oxytoca and E. gergoviae were susceptible to Amoxocillin clavulanate combination. Approximately, 8 (80%) of LHPs had bacterial load of 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL and 2 (20%) yielded no growth. In addition, 40% of LHPs had bacterial load of 106 CFU/mL beyond the 104 CFU/mL permissible limit stated by European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: The observed high bacterial load and the presence of S. aureus as well as enteric bacteria of public health importance in these LHPs underscore the potential risk inherent in the consumption of these preparations. Therefore, public health awareness campaign on the dangers of unapproved LHPs consumption should be instituted.
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    Extractive Values and Diuretic Activity of Methanol Extract of Three Varieties of Hibisicus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) in Wistar Albino Rats
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ilorin, 2018) Usman, S.O; Ayanniyi, R.O; Abdullah, A.A; Musa, M; Lawal, B.A; Attah, F.A
    Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) is widely cultivated in Nigeria as food and for medicinal purposes. The calyx is the most frequently used part of the plant and has been reported to have antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic activity. The aim of the present study is to determine the extractive values and diuretic activity of three varieties of H. sabdariffa. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane soluble extractive values were determined. The effect of the extracts of H. sabdariffa on urine output was evaluated and the concentration of sodium and potassium in blood was also determined. The results showed that water extract had the highest extractive value (32.90%, 26.50% and 29.00%) for the three varieties (Dark red, Light red and Green) respectively. H. sabdariffa extract (100 mg/kg G) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in urine output compared to the control. The diuretic activity of extract was comparable with the standard drug Hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg). The other species of H. sabdariffa extract produced no significant increase in urine output. H. sabdariffa extract (200 mg/kg G) showed a significant (p<0.05) natriuretic activity compared to control. There was no significance difference in the serum potassium levels for all the three varieties at the doses employed. The study showed that water is the most suitable solvent for extraction of the calyx of H. sabdariffa and the green variety produced a significant increase in urine output with potassium sparing activity.